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1.
J Biosci ; 2020 May; : 1-11
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-214287

ABSTRACT

Persons with drug refractory TLE have the option of being managed by surgery. They may develop memoryimpairment with specific etiology of mesial temporal sclerosis and anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR).The study evaluated the semantic verbal memory outcomes in pre- and post-surgery temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) patients using functional MRI and voxel morphometric methods. Twenty consecutive persons withdrug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and 20 healthy controls were recruited after obtaining the institute ethicsapproval. The fMRI scans were performed on a 1.5 T MR Scanner using standardized semantic verbal memorytasks using a native Hindi paradigm, before and after an anterior temporal lobectomy (in cases). A task-basedfunctional connectivity (FC) was estimated using a conn toolbox. Data analysis was carried out using thestatistical parametric imaging (SPM12) and CAT12 toolbox. Post-surgery TLE group showed increased robustFC in the right middle and posterior temporal regions as compared to pre-surgery session. A significantreduction in grey matter volume was observed in the left temporal lobe post-operatively as compared to presurgery and healthy control groups. In the post-surgery TLE group, neuropsychological scores were reduced inspecific PGI domains such as visuospatial, working memory, and executive functioning. Our results may helpin understanding of memory reorganization in TLE post-operatively.

2.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2013 Oct-Dec; 57(4): 354-360
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-152633

ABSTRACT

Selective attention is the cognitive process of selecting and processing the task relevant information and ignoring the task irrelevant information. Though the neural substrates involved in this cognitive process are well established, the mechanism of selection process is the point of contention. To study the effect of selection process on the information processing we performed functional neuroimaging on 23 healthy righthanded male subjects while performing a modified face word stroop task. The word processing area did not show any attention dependent changes in the level of activity whereas the activity of face processing area was higher when the faces were target, but there was no decrease in baseline activity when faces were distractors. Our results suggest that during selective attention there is no biasing of sensory processing for automatically processed stimuli like words whereas there is amplification of task relevant information when stimuli are processed in controlled manner.

3.
J Environ Biol ; 2013 Jan; 34(1): 37-42
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-148488

ABSTRACT

Estuaries are considered as highly potential area for that including feeding, spawning and nursery rearing of most of the finfishes and shellfishes. In the present investigation, two species of catfish (M.gulio and M.vittatus) were selected to study the impact of season on their immune organs (kidney and spleen) and selected immune response from Vellar estuary. The physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, salinity and rainfall) were measured during the sampling period 2009-10. The non-specific immune parameters (WBC count, lysozyme activity and NBT assay) were analyzed. The immune organs (head-kidney and spleen) variation was also observed by histological studies. Our results stated that the WBCs count of M. gulio and M. vittatus increased during summer (10.3 and 10.1 X 106 ml-1) season and decreased in monsoon (6.8 and 7.0 X 106 ml-1). In contrast, lysozyme activity was highest in post monsoon (1540 and 1525 U min-1 ml-1) and lowest in summer (1000 and 960 U min-1 ml-1). The activity of NBT was highest in monsoon (0.68 and 0.65 at 540 nm) and lowest in summer (0.012 and 0.2 at 540 nm). The histological observation implies that the cell variations were different in respect to different seasons.

4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-144119

ABSTRACT

Background: Fractures of the condyle account for one third of all the mandibular fractures. Different surgical approaches to the condyle described hitherto testify to the advantages and disadvantages of the different surgical techniques used for approaching the condyle in such cases of fractures. We have described and compared two of such surgical techniques in this study. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of dealing with condylar fractures by two different surgical techniques: the mini retromandibular approach, and the preauricular approach. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 31 patients who had suffered with mandibular condylar fractures was carried out. Of these, 26 patients had unilateral condylar fractures, and 5 patients had a bilateral fracture. Further, 19 of these patients were treated by the mini retromandibular approach and 12 by the preauricular approach. The treated patients were followed up and evaluated for a minimum period of 1 year and assessed for parameters such as the maximum mouth opening, lateral movement on the fractured side, mandibular movements such as protrusion, dental occlusion, scar formation, facial nerve weakness, salivary fistula formation and time taken for the completion of the surgical procedure. Statistical Analysis: t- test was used for statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study. Results: Dental occlusion was restored in all the cases, and good anatomical reduction was achieved. The mean operating time was higher 63.53 (mean) ± 18.12 minutes standard deviation (SD) in the preauricular approach compared to 45.22 (mean) ± 18.86 minutes SD in the mini retromandibular approach. Scar formation was satisfactory in almost all the cases.


Subject(s)
Dental Occlusion, Traumatic/surgery , Dental Occlusion, Traumatic/therapy , Humans , Mandibular Condyle/injuries , Mandibular Condyle/surgery , Mandibular Fractures/drug therapy , Mandibular Fractures/surgery , Mandibular Fractures/therapy , Patients
5.
J Environ Biol ; 2010 Jul; 31(4): 539-541
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-146456

ABSTRACT

Vibriosis is one of the most prevalent fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio sp. Fish disease will be controlled by proper vaccination trials and maintenance of fish form. Pathogenicity for Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) against V. anguillarum results in necrosis and haemorrhagic areas near the base of fins, exopthalmia and ulcers on the skin surface. Around 50, 100, 200 )l of formalin killed bacterial cells were injected (Intraperitoneal) to three different size (5-10, 20-30, 35-50g) of seabass fishes respectively and control sere as saline were maintained separately. The Relative Percentage Survival (RPS) for vaccinated fishes was 60, 75, and 62.5 respectively and the vaccinations for 20-30 g fishes stay alive. These results stated that the vaccination for fishes with 20- 30 g size may fabricate good immune response.

6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139795

ABSTRACT

Objective: Reconstruction of lost attachment apparatus is a major goal of periodontal therapy. Although various osteoinductive bone replacement grafts (BRGs) have been used with apparent clinical success, unequivocal evidence of osteoinductivity may be obtained only through the demonstration of increased osteoblastic/osteoclastic differentiation following exposure to these materials. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) obtained from rat femur were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). They were then exposed to two demineralized bone matrices (DBM's) - Grafton and Osseograft, and divided into three groups, comprising of a negative control (BMSC + DMEM + 10% FBS), Grafton, Osseograft. An osteogenic medium (OM) (10 hm dexamethasone, 10 hm b-glycerophosphate, and 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid) was added to create three subgroups comprising of a positive control (OM), Grafton with OM, Osseograft with OM. Results: After an initial phase (up to day 5), both Grafton and Osseograft induced an increased proliferative activity in the BMSCs, which reached a plateau after day 10. These grafts also induced increased alkaline phosphatase activity when compared to the control groups and to BMSCs with an OM. Conclusion: Both Osseograft and Grafton are capable of inducing osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation.


Subject(s)
Alkaline Phosphatase/biosynthesis , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Bone Substitutes/pharmacology , Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Collagen , Femur/surgery , Glycerol/pharmacology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Osteoblasts/cytology , Osteogenesis , Proteoglycans , Rats , Rats, Wistar
8.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-134939

ABSTRACT

We report a case of epileptic seizures following heavy consumption of a cola and caffeine containing soft drink. The probable cause for seizures could be due to a combination of hyponatraemia, water intoxication, and high dose of caffeine and aspartame from the soft drink.

9.
J Biosci ; 2006 Dec; 31(5): 543-50
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-110849

ABSTRACT

Thyroid dysfunction is associated with attention deficit and impairment of the motor system (muscle weakness and fatigue). This paper investigates possible motor function deficit in thyroid patients,compared to the controls. Functional MRI studies (fMRI)were carried out in five hypo and five hyperthyroid patients and six healthy volunteers. Whole brain imaging was performed using echo planar imaging (EPI)technique, on a 1.5T whole body MR system (Siemens Magnetom Vision). The task paradigm consisted of 8 cycles of active and reference phases of 6 measurements each, with right index finger tapping at a rate of 120 taps/min. Post-processing was performed using statistical parametric mapping on a voxel-by-voxel basis using SPM99. Clusters of activation were found in the contralateral hemisphere in primary somatomotor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), somatosensory,auditory receptive and integration areas, inferior temporal lobe, thalamus and cerebellum. Increased clusters of activation were observed in M1 in thyroid subjects as compared to controls and with bilateral activation of the primary motor cortex in two hyperthyroid patients. The results are explained in terms of increased functional demands in thyroid patients compared to volunteers for the execution of the same task.


Subject(s)
Adult , Brain Mapping , Fingers/physiopathology , Humans , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Motor Activity , Motor Cortex/physiopathology
10.
J Biosci ; 2001 Jun; 26(2): 205-15
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-110681

ABSTRACT

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been performed on 20 right handed volunteers at 1.5 Tesla using echo planar imaging (EPI) protocol. Index finger tapping invoked localized activation in the primary motor area. Consistent and highly reproducible activation in the primary motor area was observed in six different sessions of a volunteer over a period of one month. Increased tapping rate resulted in increase in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal intensity as well as the volume/area of activation (pixels) in the contralateral primary motor area up to tapping rate of 120 taps/min (2 Hz), beyond which it saturates. Activation in supplementary motor area was also observed. The obtained results are correlated to increased functional demands.


Subject(s)
Adult , Brain Mapping/methods , Female , Fingers , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Motor Activity , Motor Cortex/anatomy & histology
11.
Neurol India ; 2000 Dec; 48(4): 365-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-121642

ABSTRACT

The co-existence of neuro-cysticercosis (NCC) and intracranial neoplasm in an individual is a rare entity. Atypical presentation of cerebral cysticercosis may mimic glioma, metastasis, cerebral abscess or vice versa. The dual existence of these two lesions have led to several postulates which may have clinical impact in due course of time i.e. NCC as an oncogenetic factor for glioma or similarity of antigen found in glioma and NCC etc. An adequate management of such cases poses a challenge to both imageologists as well as clinicians. Thus, a proper diagnostic evaluation is essential for successful management of such cases. MR spectroscopy (MRS), although still a clinical research tool, may be extremely useful for exclusion or confirmation of neoplastic lesions in such a clinical scenario. The findings of MRS in collaboration with imaging parameters may increase the diagnostic yield of a MR investigation. The authors encountered five cases of dual intracranial pathologies i.e. neurocysticercosis and glioma. MR spectroscopy was useful to arrive at a definitive diagnosis in such a situation.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Astrocytoma/complications , Brain Neoplasms/complications , Child , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Neurocysticercosis/complications , Protons
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