ABSTRACT
Background: Swellings of thyroid gland are common in most parts of the world, including countries like India where iodine deficiency is endemic. Its prevalence ranges from 4% to 10% in the general adult population and from 0.2% to 1.2% in children, affecting females more commonly than males. Aim and objective: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions, to categorize thyroid lesions as per the Bethesda system, to correlate cytomorphology with histopathology, to determine the accuracy of FNAC in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in comparison with histopathology in the diagnosis of a thyroid lesions. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study undertaken over a period of one and half years from October 2016 to March 2017 in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. FNAC was performed with 26 gauge needle; smears were fixed in ether-95% alcohol solution and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Different types of excised thyroid specimens received were subjected to routine processing, cutting, staining and histopathological features were analysed. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of aspiration cytology in detecting all the benign and malignant lesions of thyroid were 67.4%, 99.2%, N. Sreemani Kumari, Madhavi Parigi, Seema Afroze. Accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathology of thyroid lesions - 1.5 years study at Government ENT hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana. IAIM, 2017; 4(8): 49-63. Page 50 93.9%, and 94.2% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of detecting thyroid lesions by FNAC was 94.1%. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a minimally invasive, simple, reliable, safe and cost effective gold standard cytology technique with minimal discomfort and complications to the patient. FNAC avoids unnecessary thyroidectomies for benign thyroid pathologies.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are very rare in children and adolescents. We reported here 11 cases of paediatric salivary gland tumors in a study conducted from July 2015 to June 2017 at Government ENT Hospital, Koti, Hyderabad, Telangana, a tertiary care center. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and histopathological features of salivary gland tumours in paediatric age group (children and adolescents). Materials and methods: A total of 11 cases of salivary gland tumors encountered in paediatric age group (0-18 years) were studied and analyzed for age, gender, site predilection and for histopathological types. Results: Parotid and submandibular glands were the main site of tumor occurrence (8/11 in parotid gland, 2/11 in submandibular gland and 1/11 arising in minor salivary glands of hard palate). 4 cases were benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma) and 7 were malignant tumors (constituted by 6 cases of low grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas and a single case of adenoid cystic carcinoma). Majority of the cases were above 10 years of age with an average of 12.3 years with female preponderence. Conclusion: Present study showed that salivary gland tumors in paediatric age group are very rare and with majority of cases being Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with female preponderance seen in parotid gland. Other glands involved were submandibular salivary glands and minor salivary glands of hard palate. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor, all of low grade type. One case of adenoid cystic carcinoma was noted in a 15 year old female.
ABSTRACT
Background: POAG occurs in elderly, rarely seen earlier than 40 years of age and tends to run in families. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the slow, progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Aim: To study the changes, in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Materials and methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in North India. 100 patients of primary open angle glaucoma were matched with 100 controls and evaluated with the aim to assess their RNFL thickness and compare with each other. Results: The data distribution analysis of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in different optic nerve head quadrants in POAG group in relation to overall severity of glaucoma shows that in superior quadrant maximum number of patients in preperimetric group 6 (50%) cases, in mild 9 (45%) cases and in moderate group 25 (44.6%) were in the range 100±10μm. But in severe glaucoma cases majority 7 (58.3%) cases had the RNFL thickness in the range of 60±10 μm. The temporal quadrant RNFL thickness was least in all grades of severity of glaucoma i.e. preperimetric 6 (50%), in mild cases 9 (45%), in moderate 25 (44.6%) cases and in severe 8 (66.7%) cases. Conclusion: Overall RNFL thickness variation, regardless of severity of glaucoma, follow the normal pattern of thickness being thicker in superior and inferior quadrant compared to nasal and temporal quadrant. It was interesting to note that the RNFL thickness in all the quadrants of optic nerve head area continues to become thinner as the severity of glaucoma increases.
ABSTRACT
Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal tract, which is anatomically and embryologically distinct from the nasopharynx. Aim and objectives: To understand the variable clinical presentations of three unusual cases in the sinonasal tract, to study the histomorphology and analyze the pitfalls in their diagnosis, to study the differential diagnosis and review the literature. Materials and methods: Unusual presentations of three cases were encountered during the period from October 2016 to July 2017 in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. Excised specimens of all the three cases were received and subjected to routine processing, cutting, staining and histopathological features were analyzed. Special histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were done for confirmation of final diagnosis. Results: Case 1 was Rosai Dorfman Disease, Case 2 was Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma and Case 3 was Invasive Aspergillosis. Conclusion: Rosai Dorfman Disease has to be differentiated from lymphoproliferative and other histiocytic disorders while the benign inflammatory pattern of Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma is invariably mistaken for an inflammatory process. Aspergillosis mimics as a neoplastic lesion, by its expansile invasive nature. Thus an inflammatory lesion may be mistaken for neoplastic growth and vice versa which can lead to erroneous diagnosis, improper therapy and poor outcome.
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Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi which was once believed to be a sporozoan and then was included in phycomycetes, and now included under Mesomycetozoa. It is one of the common tropical diseases, most commonly affecting the mucosa of upper respiratory tract, chiefly the nose and nasopharynx. Other sites such as conjunctiva, lacrimal glands and subcutaneous tissue may also get infected. It presents as polypoidal mass. Aim and objective: To study incidence, age and gender distribution and clinicopathological features of Rhinosporidiosis. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 20 cases was undertaken over a period of 5 years (July 2012 to June 2017) in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. The resected tissue specimens were subjected to routine processing, cutting; staining and histopathological features were studied with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Results: Nasal cavity was most commonly involved site, excepting in one case, where sub-glottis was involved. Males were predominantly affected i.e. 17 (85%) cases, whereas 3 (15%) cases were reported in females. Age range was between 8-70 years. (Both of them were males). N. Sreemani Kumari, Madhavi Parigi, Seema Afroze. Clinicopathological Study of Rhinosporidiosis: A Study of 20 Cases in Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana - A Tertiary Care Center. IAIM, 2017; 4(8): 103-107. Page 104 Conclusion: Rhinosporidiosis most commonly presents as polypoidal mass in the nasal cavity and may also present at extra-nasal sites. Histopathology is the standard method for confirmation of diagnosis