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Purpose: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two concentration of autologous serum (AS) 20% vs 50% in recalcitrant moderate?to?severe dry eye patients. Methods: A double?blind prospective, interventional, and randomized study was done on 44 patients (80 eyes) clinically diagnosed with moderate?to?severe dry eye disease (DED) that was refractory to conventional treatment, and all patients were treated with AS20% or AS50% for 12 weeks. We documented Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film breakup time (TBUT), OXFORD corneal staining score (OSS), and Schirmer test (ST) at baseline, 2,4,8, and 12 weeks. These parameters were compared in both groups and between the groups by using Student’s t?test. The study included 11 males and 33 females. Results: Out of 80 eyes, 33 eyes had moderate and 47 had severe DED. The age of patients in AS20% was 44.73 ± 14.37 years, and in AS50% was 46.41 ± 14.47 years. The most common etiology associated with DED was secondary Sjogren syndrome. In moderate DED, both the groups showed significant improvement in both subjective and objective parameters. But in severe DED, the AS20% group failed to show any significant improvement objectively, though subjective improvement was present. Conclusion: In refractory severe DED patients, AS50% is better option for treatment and in moderate DED both concentrations of autologous serum are effective.
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Background: Psoriasis is a systemic, inflammatory, chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multiple discoid plaques over body with silvery scales associated with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Recently, association between psoriasis and Vitamin D level has also been reported. Our aim of study was to evaluate the association of vitamin D and its association with the severity of Psoriasis Materials and methods: 60 patients diagnosed with psoriasis, in our outpatient department from January 2021 to December 2021, were included the study. 58 age, gender- and skin phototype- matched healthy controls were included in the study. Results: The serum vitamin D level in patients and in the control group ranged from 7 to 24 ng/ml (mean: 13.04 �32 ng/ml) and from 16 to 65 ng/ml (mean: 23.91�08 ng/ml), respectively. The circulating vit D levels were less in patients compared to control. The analysis showed statistical significance (P< 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results showed decreased level of vitamin D in patients suffering from psoriasis when compared to healthy controls. Vitamin D supplementation can be useful in psoriasis management.
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Introduction: Thyroid disorders in pregnancy are amongthe common endocrine disorders. During pregnancy severalphysiological changes occur in maternal thyroid function andfailure to adapt to these changes result in thyroid dysfunction.Thyroid dysfunctions have many adverse effects on motherand fetus, like miscarriages, preeclampsia, eclampsia,placental abruption, preterm delivery, low birth weight, postpartum haemorrhage, neonatal hypothyroidism and impairedneurological and intellectual development of fetus. Studyaimed to find out the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction inpregnancy and to know maternal and foetal outcome.Material and methods: This cross sectional clinical studywas carried out at Obstetrics and Gynecology departmentin collaboration with Biochemistry Department, IGIMS,Patna, Bihar from August 2018 to August 2019 including100 pregnant women with single intrauterine pregnancy infirst trimester between 6-14th weeks of gestation. TSH levelwas estimated in all the pregnant women along with FT3,FT4, and Anti TPO Ab. According to the thyroid profile,patients were divided into 4 groups- Normal/ Subclinical/Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and followed tilldelivery for maternal and perinatal outcome.Results: In our study of 100 patients, 87 were found to havenormal thyroid function and 13 cases were having subclinicalhypothyroidism, using a cut off TSH level of 2.5-10uIU/ml inAntiTPO Ab positive and 4-10uIU/ml in AntiTPO Ab negativecases. No case of hyperthyroidism or overt hypothyroidismwas found. These 100 patients were divided into two groups.Patients having normal thyroid function were included inGroup 1 and patients with subclinical hypothyroidism wereincluded in group 2. In subclinical hypothyroidism group5(38.46%) cases were AntiTPO Ab positive and 8 cases wereAntiTPO Ab negative.Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is high prevalenceof subclinical hypothyroidism (13%) in pregnant womenduring 1st trimester. No significant difference was seen inmaternal and foetal outcome between euthyroid patients andtreated subclinical hypothyroid patients.
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Background: Pre-analytical errors account for up to 70% of all mistakes made in laboratory diagnostics, most of which arise from problems in patient preparation, sample collection, transportation, and preparation for analysis and storage. Pre-analytical errors influence the total error thus hindering TQM in laboratory, consequently decreasing the accuracy and reliability of the results generated. This study was conducted with the aim to determine nature and frequency of the occurrence of pre-analytical errors.Methods: This prospective analytical study was designed to evaluate the pre-analytical errors observed in a total of 13,892 out-patient and inpatient samples. Samples received for routine clinical chemistry analysis were screened for pre-analytical errors. Samples received for other investigations were excluded. We recorded all nonconformities and errors occurring over a 3-month period and corrective measures were suggested to minimise them. Laboratory personnel were asked to register rejections, and pre-analytical causes for rejection of ward as well as out-patient samples collected in the laboratory. Types of inappropriateness were evaluated as follows: hemolyzed, blood collection in wrong tubes, clotted blood, inappropriate timing of collection, improperly labelled samples, insufficient volume of specimen and lipemic samples.Results: A total of 13,892 samples from the outpatient department and in-house patients were received by our clinical biochemistry laboratory during the period from April 2019 to June 2019. Out of these 404 samples were found unsuitable for further processing. This accounted for 2.9% of all samples collected in the laboratory and pre-analytical errors were responsible for these samples to be rejected over a period of 3 months. Rejections arose as a result of the following reasons: 0.92% were rejected due to hemolysis; 0.58% were blood collected in wrong tubes; 0.55% were clotted blood; 0.26% had inappropriate timing of collection; 0.24% were mislabeled samples; 0.20% had insufficient sample quantity and 0.14% were lipemic samples.Conclusions: Of all the samples received in the lab, the overall percentage of rejection is 2.9%. Substantial number of samples undergo repeated testing because of rejection owing to pre-analytical errors. The efforts should be aimed to reduce the rates of rejected samples can provide to improve the quality of laboratory based health care processes.
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Introduction: Cigarette smoking is an important and independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, andperipheral vascular disorders. It adversely affects the concentration of the plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi MemorialMedical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur. Sixty healthy cigarette smokers were compared with forty healthy age-matched,non-obese, non-smokers. Participants in both the groups were in the age range of 25–35 years having no history of alcoholabuse or diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Conclusion: Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) showed a highly significant upper range in smokers withP < 0.001. High-density lipoprotein and very LDL were also increased to a partially significant level in smokers with P < 0.1.
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Objective: To study the association between diet, exercise and obesity on the serum lipid profile.Material and Method: The study was conducted in the department of physiology, MGM medical college and hospital, Jamshedpur.Hundred healthy participants comprised attendants of patient attending OPD of MGM Medical College and healthy volunteers(mainly staff) of the hospital in the age group 30- 50 years. They were observed to see the association between diet, physicalactivity and BMI on the serum lipid profile.Conclusion: Body weight was significantly associated with TC, TG and LDL with P (<0.001). There was a partially significantdifference in TC, TG and LDL level between sedentary workers and hard workers.
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Background & Objectives: Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) is a good tool to assess skill competency. The objectives of the study was to compare the score of marks obtained by Conventional method of assessment (CPE) with OSPE for assessing skill competency to perform Gram and Zeihl- Neelsen stain and to know the students’ and teachers’ perception about OSPE. Methods: Ninety two MBBS students were included in the study as ‘OSPE’ and ‘CPE’ groups (46+46). The two groups were assessed for their skill competency to perform Gram and Zeihl- Neelsen stain using OSPE and CPE methods respectively. Teachers’ perception was analysed for both the assessment methods with respect to objectivity, reliability, validity, feasibility etc. Feedback was taken from students too. Results: The difference of marks score by OSPE and CPE was found to be extremely statistically significant. The perception (students’ & teachers’ ) assessment reflected the acceptability of the method among students and teachers. Interpretation & Conclusion: OSPE is a tool which would help increase the objectivity while assessing skills in Microbiology and needs to be evaluated further so as to enable teachers to use this valuable tool alone or in combination with CPE.[Namrata K NJIRM 2016; 7(5):87-91]
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Background & Objectives: Biochemistry is the basic science subject of first year MBBS course. It describes all the biochemical reactions occurring in the body, which makes the subject difficult and the student looses interest in it. In our institute, teaching is done mainly by didactic method. We introduced case based learning method (CBL) for teaching. The objective of this study was -1. To compare score of students by two methods of teaching – traditional lectures and case based methodology. 2. To evaluate student’s feedback regarding their perception to case based learning. Methods: After getting written consent from 1st year MBBS students , they were divided into two groups. One group (50 students - case) was taught by case based learning method and another group (50 students control group) was taught by traditional method. Improvement in their performance was assessed by MCQ and statistically compared. Perception of both groups about CBL was taken by a set of questionnaire based on Likert’s scale. Results: Statistically significant increase in performance of student taught by CBL method than student taught by traditional method was seen. Student’s and faculties’s perception about CBL was positive. All students found the CBL as effective method for learning. Conclusion: CBL is a good teaching learning method to increase involvement and interest of student in learning and enhance their academic performance. [Dr. Rekha K NJIRM 2016; 7(5):82-86]
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The stimulatory effect of the aqueous extract of G. lucidum, a basidiomycetes class fungus in the APE1-enzyme-mediated processing of solitary and bistranded clustered abasic sites DNA damages is presented. Abasic sites are considered the most common type of DNA damage lesions. Our study shows enhanced activity of APE1 in the processing of abasic sites in the presence of the polysaccharides fraction of G. lucidum. Remarkable increase in the amount of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) from solitary and bistranded clustered abasic sites respectively with APE1 in the presence of the extract was found. This trend is maintained when abasic sites in DNA oligomers are exposed to fibroblast cell extracts in the presence of the extract. While DNA conformational alteration is negligible, APE1 enzyme shows characteristic changes in the alpha helix and beta strand ratio after incubation with G. lucidum extract. The enhanced reactivity of APE1 at the molecular level in the presence of G. lucidium is attributed to this effect. This study potentially amplifies the scope of the use of G. lucidum, which was earlier shown to have only reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties with regards to DNA damage inhibition.