ABSTRACT
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and its downstream signaling components have been increasingly recognized to drive the development of malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the effects of IGF-1R and its inhibitor, AG1024, on the progression of lung cancer. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the expressions of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in NSCLC tissues (n=198). Western blotting was used to determine the expressions of IGF-1 and phosphorylated IGF-1R (p-IGF-1R) in A549 human lung carcinoma cells, and MTT assay to measure cell proliferation. Additionally, the expressions of IGF-1, p-IGF-1R and IGF-1R in a mouse model of lung cancer were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR), respectively. The results showed that IGF-1 and IGF-1R were overexpressed in NSCLC tissues. The expression levels of IGF-1 and p-IGF-1R were significantly increased in A549 cells treated with IGF-1 as compared to those treated with IGF-1+AG1024 or untreated cells. In the presence of IGF-1, the proliferation of A549 cells was significantly increased. The progression of lung cancer in mice treated with IGF-1 was significantly increased as compared to the group treated with IGF-1+AG1024 or the control group, with the same trend mirrored in IGF-1/p-IGF-1R/IGF-1R at the protein and/or mRNA levels. It was concluded that IGF-1 and IGF inhibitor AG1024 promotes lung cancer progression.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Proliferation , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Progression , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Metabolism , Lung Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Receptor, IGF Type 1 , Physiology , Tyrphostins , PharmacologyABSTRACT
To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of stress fracture of the pubic ramus caused by military training, clinical data of 66 cases (18 males and 48 females, ranging from 18～21 years, mean age 19 6 years ) with stress fracture of the pubic ramus were retrospectively analysed. 55 cases were military recruits undergoing basic training, 11 army veterans undergoing intensive goose step training. 66 cases complained of chronic groin pain which increased in activity and relieved while at rest. The symptom occurred 3～10 weeks after the training began. The pain often lasted 1 week ～14 months. 22 cases who sought medical advice in medical team were mistaken for muscular injury. There were 76 stress fractures of the pubic ramus in 66 soldiers. 56 had stress fractures of one inferior pubic ramus, 6 both inferior pubic rami, and four had ipsilateral inferior and superior pubic rami fractures. Stress fracture of the pubic ramus is not rare, but it's quite easy to be neglected or misdiagnosed. The key to its diagnosis is getting a deeper understanding and making an adequate and early imaging examination in light of the clinical data.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the X-ray findings and evaluate the value of X-ray in diagnosis of stress fracture of the pubic ramus. Methods The X-ray findings of 66 cases (18 males and 48 females, ranging in age from 18-21 years, mean age 19.6 years) with stress fracture of the pubic ramus were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-five cases were military recruits undergoing basic training, and 11 army veterans were undergoing intensive goose step training. Results Sixty-two cases had stress fractures of the inferior pubic ramus including right-sided in 26, left-sided in 30, and bilateral in 6. Four had ipsilateral inferior and superior pubic rami fractures. With 2 weeks after onset, the radiographs were normal in 3 cases. The 66 cases had either a slight transverse fissure (34 cases) or a small dense callus (65 cases) or both during the examination period of 4 weeks to 8 months. Then the calcium resorbed at the margins of the fracture and at the same time the callus increased and surrounded the bone. Finally, the resorptive zone disappeared and the callus became homogeneous. This callus formation persisted for several months and disappeared gradually. Conclusion X-ray examination is the first imaging method of choice for detecting stress fracture of the pubic ramus. With combining clinical data, correct diagnosis can be made in the majority.