Association of newborn diseases with weight length ratio and the adequacy of weight for gestational age / Associação de afecções neonatais com a relação peso comprimento e a adequação de peso para idade gestacional

Objective: To compare the frequencies of newborn diseases in those newborns classified according to a weight/length rate and those classified by the adequacy weight for gestational age. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study by record assessment was carried out enclosing all the live newborns at Hospital Geral do Grajaú, from September to December, 2009 (n =577) classified according to the rate weight/length and also to the adequacy weight for gestational age. The 10 and 90 percentiles of the weight/length distribution, now designated as "indices" were calculated leading to the following classification: low index, for newborns below 54.8 g/cm; high index, for those over 75.8 g/cm; and average index, for the remaining newborns. According to the adequacy weight for gestational age the newborns were designated as pre-term for gestational age; term small for gestational age; appropriate term and large term. In this sample there were no small and large pre-term or post-term newborns. Major diseases were related to the index and adequacy extracts by the X2 test for a contingency table. Results: A significant association was found among low index, pre-term for gestational age newborns and term small for gestational age; between average index and appropriate for gestational age term newborns; and high index with large term appropriate for gestational age newborns (p< 0.001). Hypoglycemia (3.4%) was associated to both low and high indices, to appropriate for gestational age preterm newborns and to small for gestational age term newborns. Sepsis (3.1%) was associated to both low index and pre-term appropriate for gestational age newborns. The respiratory distress syndrome (1.3%) was associated to low index and pre-term appropriate for gestational age newborns. Other respiratory distress syndromes (3.8%) were associated to low and high indices but not to the adequacy for gestational age classification. Jaundice (14.9%) was not associated to the studied classifications. Perinatal asphyxia (12.6%) was associated to low index and pre-term newborns.

Birth weight distribution of Hospital Geral do Grajaú population compared to São Paulo city population / Distribuição do peso ao nascer da população do Hospital Geral do Grajaú comparada à da população da cidade de São Paulo

Objective: To compare the growth curves from a population from a large city suburban hospital with those of the city of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Methods: At Hospital Geral do Grajaú, that serves the high pregnancy risk population lacking health facilities, of low education level and smaller number of prenatal visits and great morbidity, a growth curve was built for the newborns, as the Hospital is provided with updated equipment and personnel. The curve was built from the database available containing information on live births during the 2003 to 2007 period and totaling 9,952 newborns, as their weight at birth and gestational age were taken as parameters. The distribution curves of 3%, 10%, 50% and 90% of the Grajaú were compared to those of the city of São Paulo curve. Results: The curves did not significantly differ from those of the São Paulo curve percentiles, as shown by the mean deviation (Z score) calculation, notwithstanding the higher rates for prematurity, low weight, teenager mothers and lack of prenatal visits among the Grajaú population as compared to those of São Paulo. Conclusions: The São Paulo city curve showed to be appropriate for the suburban population despite the existing differences.

Objetivo: Comparar a curva de crescimento intrauterino de uma população que se serve de um hospital da região periférica com a curva de crescimento intrauterino da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: O Hospital Estadual do Grajaú serve a uma população com gestação de alto risco, com falta de recursos de saúde, baixo nível de escolaridade, poucas consultas de pré-natal e grande morbidade. O hospital que atende a essa população tem recursos e pessoal especializado, o hospital escola de medicina. A curva foi construída por meio de programa de dados confiáveis que contém informações sobre todos os recém-nascidos vivos durante os anos de 2003 a 2007, totalizando 9.952 recém-nascidos, tomando-se os dados de peso e idade gestacional como parâmetros. As curvas de distribuição de peso para os percentis 3, 10, 50 e 90 para os grupos de idade gestacional foram comparados àqueles da curva da cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: As curvas não diferiram significativamente, como demonstrado pelo cálculo do desvio das médias (Z score), não obstante as taxas de prematuridade, baixo peso, mães adolescentes e falta de consultas ao pré-natal fossem significativamente maiores na população do Hospital Estadual do Grajaú do que na população do município de São Paulo. Conclusões: A curva da cidade de São Paulo se mostrou apropriada para aquela população da periferia da cidade, ainda que existam as diferenças epidemiológicas.