ABSTRACT
Background: Sore throat is the one of the commonest complaint of the patients in ENT OPDs. The prevalent cause of sore throat is in India is group A streptococci (GAS).But physicians across the country underestimate the real cause of the sore throat and prescribe the irrational use of antibiotic leading to development of resistance towards the antibiotics by the pathogens. Methods: The100 throat swab samples were collected with all aseptic precautions from sore throat patients in ENT OPD and also from other department of microbiology from March 2014 to December 2015. And were sent to microbiology department for throat swab culture & Sensitivity reporting. Result: A total of 100 patients suffering from sore throats were included in this study of which 57 were males and 43 were females. Out of 100 patients 35 were pathogenic 59 were nonpathogenic & there were no growth in 6 patients. The age range of study is from 2 years to 70 years. The isolated organism were E.Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staph aureus,and alpha haemolytic streptococci were found out of 35pathogenic organism. Biomodal peak of more pathogenic growth was observed in the month of September, November and December. Culture sensitivity reports showed high sensitivity in of various pathogens towards erythromycin (mostly), Prisinomycin ,Cotrimoxazole, Linezolid,Vancomycin ,Cefaperazone, Polymyxin B Norfloxacin, Ampicillin and resistance towards Chloramphenicol,Gentamycin, Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Amoxicillin etc. Conclusion: This study gives us an insight to the current state of causative pathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity from throat swab in Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital. Alpha haemolytic Streptococci and staphylococcus aureus were the commonest organism isolated from throat swab.
ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary tract infections are defined as the spectrum of disease caused by invasion of microorganisms of the genitourinary tract. Symptomatic UTI may be present as a severe illness including higher frequency of bacteraemia and bilateral renal involvement with pyleonephritis or unusual clinical presentations of emphysematous cystitis. Methods: In sterile container clean voided midstream urine were collected and cultured on CLED agar, incubated at 370C overnight for visible growth. Results: Out of 100 diabetic patients 40 were males and 60 were females. Among them, 38 patients found to be suffering from UTI, in which 14 (36.84%) and female were 24 (63.16%). Escherichia coli 22 (57.90%) was most prevalent causing UTI, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 8 (21.05%), Klebsiella species 6 (15.79%), Pseudomonas species 1(2.63%) and Enterococcus species 1 (2.63%). Conclusion: High sugar level is the main cause of prevalence of urinary tract infection among the diabetic patients, so we need to control the sugar level in diabetic patients to reduce the prevalence of urinary tract infection in diabetic patients. Proper antibiotic policy in tertiary care hospitals to provide effective treatment as well as prevent the misuse of Antibiotics. However further studies with large sample size is highly recommended to further support the findings from this study.