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Background:Omicron (B.1.1.529) is a variant of COVID-19 which is first reported from Gauteng Province, South Africa in November 2021. This variant was considered the fifth variant of concern (VOC) by the world health organization (WHO) due to its much faster transmission but with milder clinical manifestations than other COVID-19 variants.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Sanglah general hospital, Denpasar, Bali in March 2022. Subjects of this study were all patients who were diagnosed with probable COVID-19 Omicron by having a positive S-gene target failure (SGTF) of a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in Sanglah general hospital from January to February 2022. All subjects must age 18 years oldor older. Data on patient characteristics and clinical manifestations were obtained from medical record data and analyzed using statistical package for service solution (SPSS) for windows version 25.Results:A total of 79 probable COVID-19 Omicron patients were analyzed in this study. Most of them were elderly who age more than 65 years old (30.4%), male (50.6%), and work as an entrepreneur (24.1%). The majority of probable COVID-19 Omicron patients were symptomatic (89.9%) with the most common clinical manifestation found was cough (54.9%). Other clinical manifestations found were shortness of breath (50.7%), fever (38.0%), fatigue (21.1%), runny nose (11.3%), sore throat (8.5%), nausea and vomit (2.8%), headache (1.4%), diarrhea (1.4%), and anosmia (1.4%).Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of probable COVID-19 Omicron patients vary but most of them were classified as mild symptoms
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Background:Lung cancer is ranked third as the most common cancer in Indonesia. The one-year survival rate of advanced-stage non-smallcell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patient is quite low, that is 24.6%. Effective and inexpensive prognostic markers need to be further studied due to an increasing incidence of cancer. Inflammation plays an important role in tumorigenesis and research showed an association of NLR and PLR values with poor prognosis in patients with various solid tumors, but current cutoff values still vary. This study wanted to determine the value of NLR, PLR and their relationship with the survival rate of advancedstage NSCLC patients at Sanglah hospital.Methods:A retrospective cohort study using the medical record of 96 advanced-stage NSCLC patients who underwent treatment since January 2018 in Sanglah hospital, was closely monitored for a year since diagnosed. Analysis was performed with ROC, Kaplan Meier analysis, log rank test, and time independent cox regression model.Results:The one-yearsurvival rate of advancedstage NSCLC patient is 14.6%, with median survival 3.26 months. Cut off NLR> 3.37, median survival 2.66,p=0.00. Cut off PLR>178.55, median survival 3.26, p=0.35. Multivariate analysis showed that NLR, HR=2.75 and performance status, HR=1.78 were associated with survival.Conclusions:NLR with cut off>3.37 is associated with one-year survival rate of advanced-stage NSCLC patient. PLR did not have any significant association with one-year survival rate of advanced-stage NSCLC patient.
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Background:Diagnostic of Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in patients with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remain challenging. Evaluation based on clinical symptoms, inflammation biomarkers, and immunodeficiency status, can provide a feature of PTB disease in HIV patient. The aim of thestudy was to analyze the relationship between acute phase reactant and immunodeficiency status with PTB in patients with na飗e HIV infection.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in Sanglah General Hospital and Kuta Selatan Public Health Service on February-June 2021. C-reactive protein (CRP), Ferritin serum levels, and CD-4 cell count were obtained from patient's serum. Data were collected by questionnaire. Bivariate analysis using Chi square test or Kolmogorov Smirnovtest, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.Results:A total of 60 participants were included in this study, and 58.3% had pulmonary tuberculosis (38.3% bacteriologically confirmed, 20% clinically confirmed). Fifty five percent participants had CRP level ?10 mg/l, 83% had ferritin serum level ?260ng/ml, and 83% had CD4 cell count<200 cell/ml. Multivariate analysis showed that the most influential factor for PTB in HIV patients was CRP level?10 mg/l (adjusted prevalence ratio/APR=4.9; 95%CI=7.81-2327,04,p=0.001) and ferritin serum level ?260 ng/ml(APR=3.32,95%CI=1.752-433.65,p=0.018).Conclusions:High CRP and ferritin serum levels were significantly related with PTB in naive HIV patients. No relationship was found between low CD4 cell count and PTB in naive HIV patients
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Background: Drug-induced hepatitis (DIH) is a side effect of the usage of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, which can cause alteration in treatment regiments and prolonged treatment. This study aim is to identify the risk factors that can be used to predict the occurrenceof DIH on tuberculosis (TB) patients.Methods: This was a case-control study, conducted at Sanglah central general hospital in Denpasar from January to June 2021. Data collection was carried out through the medical records of inpatients and outpatients who received fixed-dose combination anti-TB drug.Results: There were 62 research samples which were divided into 31 samples in the case group and 31 samples in the control group. The clinical manifestations of DIH were vomiting (32.8%), nausea (15.7%), abdominal pain (13.1%), and hepatic encephalopathy (1.3%). Median time to onset of DIH was 18 (Interquartile range: 19) days. Low BMI was a significant risk factor for DIH (AOR=22.4; 95%CI 4.147-121.575; p<0.001). Other clinical characteristic variables such as age, female, extrapulmonary TB, positive HIV status, diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, and eosinophilia were not proven risk factors for DIH-TB.Conclusions: Low BMI was a significant risk factor for DIH. Other variables such as age, female, extrapulmonary TB, positive HIV status, diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, and eosinophilia were not risk factors for DIH in TBpatients