Clinical Experiences on the Facial Contouring Surgery for the Last 15 Years

Facial contour consists of facial bony frame, skin and soft tissues overlying facial bone. Facial contouring surgery is a surgery that is perfomed on the face(bone and/or soft tissues) in order to achieve better facial proportion by balancing overall facial lines. During the last 15-years period, we perfomed many facial contouring surgeries. The main surgery perfomed in our clinics were mandible angle resection, zygoma reduction, chin augmentation or reduction, forehead augmentation or reduction. The subsidiary surgery for the purpose of better improving facial balance with main sugery were augmentation or reduction rhinoplasty, double fold formation, epicanthoplasty, augmentation mammoplasty, hair transplantation or removal, facial fat injection or liposuction. It was rare to perfome just one kind of facial contouring surgery. Rather, we perfomed two or more than kinds of facial contouring surgery on different facial parts at the same time together. The reason was that it was convenient to coordinate total balanced facial beauty and achieve a better result. So, we summarized factors to be considered in planning the facial contouring surgery. First, in zygoma reduction, we must do not make a cheek droop. If there was a cheek droop, we must lift the cheek to the line which connecting both tragi. Second, in mandible angle resection, facial contouring line should maintain oval shape without straight line and there should be no remaining angle in the front of mandible. Third, we must consider relationship between face and body (especially breast). Fourth, as much as possible, it is more advisable to perform necessary operations all at the same time.

The Association Between Unexplained Second-Trimester Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein or Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Elevations and Perinatal Complications / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Our purpose was to study the correlation between elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein(MSAFP) or human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) levels and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia, preterm delivery. MSAFP and HCG levels were measured in stored second-trimester(14~22 weeks) serum obtained from 510 women. The criteria for patients with unexplained MSAFP elevations were a MSAFP level 2.5 or greater multiples of the median(MoM) and HCG elevations were a HCG level 2.0 or greater multiples of the median(MoM) excluding multiple pregnancy, fetal malformation or death on ultra-sonography and molar pregnancy. In contrast, patients with MSAFP levels 0.5 to < 2.5 MoM, HCG levels < 2.0 MoM were served as controls. Women with elevated HCG levels had more significant association with PIH than control group(22.2 % versus 3.4 % ; p < .005). Elevated MSAFP was significantly associated with preeclampsia(7.7 % versus 1.1 % ; p < .05). But no significant differences were observed in the incidence of preterm delivery. We suggested elevated second-trimester MSAFP or HCG levels appear to be correlated with high risk for PIH and preeclampsia. So, These patients require careful monitoring with adequate obstetric managements.