Calcium and Milk Intake of Elementary School Students from School Foodservices: Focus on the Gyeongsangbukdo Province

The calcium intake of elementary school students residing in Gyeongsangbukdo province from their school foodservice and milk program was evaluated. A total of 252 subjects (50.4% boys and 49.6% girls) were examined. A significant percentage of the total subjects (32.9%) reported skipping breakfast once or more per week, with the major reasons for skipping breakfast being a lack of time and appetite. A majority of the total subjects (78.2%) participated in the school milk program. The type of milk consumed by the subjects was mainly white milk, with a milk intake mostly between one and two cups. Participants in the school milk program consumed over the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium, but non-participants consumed only 48.1% of the RNI (P<0.001). The calcium intake rate according to food cooking methods, from highest to lowest was in the order bap, twigim, jeon, jjim, and gui. Although the food intake rate of guk was low, the calcium intake rate by RNI was the highest for guk. On the other hand, the food intake rate of bap and kimchi was high, but their calcium intake rate by RNI was relatively low. These results show that non-participants in the school milk program are significantly deficient in calcium. Therefore, to improve the calcium nutrition for children, school lunch menus containing high calcium need to be developed and children should be encouraged to enter a school milk program.

A Survey on Breakfast of Workers in Daegu Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Breakfast is an important factor for health status of people. This study was carried out to investigate the dietary life related to breakfast of workers and to develope some nutritional convenient diets for the workers. The collected data were consisted of items about general characteristics of the subjects, breakfast pattern, factors affecting on breakfast and opinions on convenient foods. The subjects were classified into labor workers (n = 202) and office workers (n = 227) aged from twenties to fifties. The rate of skipping breakfast in workers was 31.5% and higher according to the increase of age. Their favorite style of breakfast was mostly Korean traditional diets, but only 38.1% of the subjects had cooked rice as breakfast. The main reason for skipping breakfast was that they had no time for it. But 65.4% of total workers had experiences of using convenience diets. They had these kinds of diets because of convenience. These results suggest that recipe development of convenient breakfast is very important for the good dietary life of the workers.

Comparison of Nutrients Intake, Bone Density, Total Cholesterol and Blood glucose in women living in Taegu City

This study was performed to compare nutrient intake, bone density, total cholesterol and blood glucose in women who lived in Taegu city. The number of subjects participated in the study was 89 and they were classified into 3 groups by age. 30.3% of the subject were in their 20~34 years of age, 37.1% were in their 35~49 years of age and 32.6% were above fifty. A dietary record method was used to assess the nutritional intake of subjects. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight, height and WHR, and blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol and BMD were measured. The results were as follows, mean weight, WHR, SBP, and blood glucose and total cholesterol of the subjects above 50 years old were significantly higher than those of 20~49 years of age(p<0.05). Mean bone density in calcaneus of subjects aged above fifty was lower than those of under 49 years of age(p<0.05). Weight, BMI, waist circumference, WHR and SBP were positively correlated with age(p<0.01). WHR and body fat were positively correlated with BMI(p<0.01). Waist circumference was positively correlated with SBP(p<0.01). Bone mineral density was negatively correlated with age and SBP(p<0.01). Also BMD was positively correlated with weight(p<0.05). Energy intakes was positively correlated with bone mineral density(p<0.05). Fat intakes was negatively correlated with SBP and blood glucose(p<0.05). Calcium intakes was negatively correlated with SBP(p<0.05). Ca/P ratio was negatively correlated with age(p<0.05) and WHR(p<0.01). Zinc intakes was negatively correlated with SBP and blood glucose(p<0.05). From the findings, it is suggested that the women after menopause keep the optimum body weight and good eating habits. Especially intake of good quality protein, calcium and carbohydrate seemed to be important.