The effect of Zirconium Nitride coating on shear bond strength with denture base resin in Co-Cr alloy and titanium alloy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of Zirconium Nitride (ZrN) coating on shear bond strength with denture base resin in Co-Cr and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Co-Cr and Ti-6Al-4V alloy disks (10 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm in thickness; each other: n = 14) were prepared and divided with 2 groups each other by ZrN coating. After primer was applied to disks surface, denture base resin with diameter 6 mm, height 5 mm was bonded on metal disk surface. After surface roughness was measured by Profiler, shear bond strength was determined with Universal testing machine and analyzed with two-way ANOVA. The specimen surfaces and failure mode were examined using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: ZrN coated groups showed significantly higher rough surface than non-coated groups (P < 0.05). Irrespective of alloy materials, shear bond strength of ZrN coated groups were lower than non-coated groups (P < 0.001). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) of ZrN coated groups showed mixed and adhesive fractures. CONCLUSION: ZrN coating weakened bonding strength between denture base resin and Co-Cr, Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Clinical Results of 3M Multifocal Intraocular Lens

We followed up the 100 patients (104 eyes) who had undergone cataract extraction and PCL implantation into the bag with 3M diffractive multifocal intraocular lensee for at least 2 month, in order to evaluate the function of this lens. 92 eyes (88.5%) had the far corrected vision more than 0.5 and 94 eyes (90.4%) had the near vision with far correction more than J3. We added additional adds (-0.25, +0.25, +0.50, +0.75D) in order to ascertain the adequacy of +3.50D add in this lens and it was found that the additional add of +0.75D was most preferred. This means that more add is necessary for near vision. There was, also, no more remarkable side effects or difficulties associated with this lenses. So, multifocal Intraocular lenses enable good near vision without any severe disadvatages but the amount of near add is cuntroversial.

Clinical Examination on the Blepharoptosis and the Resection of the Levator Muscle

The resection of levator aponeurosis and its muscle through the anterior approach had been performed on 50 ptotic lids of 40 patients from April, 1985 to January, 1988. Their age ranged from 28 months to 44 years old(mean, 7.5 years old). All but one of them were congenital origin. Thirty-four per cent of eyes were associated with ocular abnormalities such as strabismus, entropion, and blepharophimosis. Three patients had inguinal hernia, tongue tie, and ventricular septal defect respectively as systemic abonrmalities. The cycloplegic refraction revealed mild hyperopia in 74%, mild myopia in 18%, and moderate or severe hyperopia in 8%. Seventy per cent of eyes had with-the-rule astigmatism, while 8% had againgt-therule astigmatism. Twenty-two per cent had no astigmatism. Amblyopia was noted in 11 patients of 31 patients in whom we could check the visual acuity. The amount of levator muscle resected, which depended on the function of levator muscle and the degree of ptosis, ranged from 15mm to 24mm (mean, 20.2mm). We also applied this procedure to the patient whose levator function was less than 2mm. Good surgical results were obtained in 45 eyes(90%). Undercorrected one eye underwent reoperation using the frontalis sling.

Clinical Study on Overeorrective Surgical Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia

The results of 54 consecutive patients with intermittent exotropia treated with surgery at least 6 months follow-up are reviewed. The purpose of this paper was to study retrospectively the course of patients who had overcorrective treatment of intermittent exotropia and the specific parameters examined included the age of the patient at the time of onset; age of patient at the time of the initial surgery; length of time between the onset of the exodeviation and initial surgery; and distance: near deviation effect on surgical result. The results were as follows; 1. Average age of onset was 3.7 years and the average age of operation was 6.7 years. 2. Mean duration between the first hospital visit and operation was 6.3 months. 3. The angle of deviation less than 30 delta was found in 72.2% of cases. 4. Average degree of refractive errors was -1.187 in cycloplegic refraction. 5. The final satisfactory surgical result was achieved in 76% of the cases. The cases showing 5~15 delta overcorrection immediate postoperatively showed the most satisfactory final outcome and this was statistically significant. (P0.05).

Clinical Analysis of the Effects of Glycopyrrolate and Atropine on Oculocardiac Reflex(OCR)

The objectives of this study were to investigate and compare the efficacy for glycopyrrolate and atropine in the suppression of the OCR. Preoperative medication of the glycopyrrolate and atropine were studied in 114 pediatric patients for adequate prevention of the OCR. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1) OCR occurred in 31.8% in Group I(use of atropine) and in 31.3% in Group II(use of Glycopyrrolate). 2) Traction on the extraocular muscles, particularly the medial or lateral rectus muscles most likely elicit the OCR, but there was not a significant difference in occurance of the PCR during each muscle traction. 3) There is great individual variation in response to muscle traction with in each group, no group was fully protected from marked slowing in heart rate. 4) The use of intramuscular administration of atropine or glycopyrrolate prior to induction has not been found to decrease the incidence of the reflex. 5) The dysrhythmias of the OCR were bradycardia, bigeminy, nodal rhythms, and ectopic beats.

Clinical Results of 500 Cases of Intraocular Lens Implantation(I)

From May, 1985 to July, 1986, 500 cases of intraocular lenses were implanted, and all 500 cases had been followed up for more than 2 months. The results were as follows: 1. In the 500 cases of intraocular lens implantation, the number of patients were 318 men and 115 women. Patient's age was largely distributed to fifth decade in men and fourth decade in women. 2. IOL power ranged from +13.5D to +23.0D in PCL and ranged from +12.5D to +20.0D in ACL. The most frequently used IOL poeer was +19.5D in PCL and +18.0D in ACL. 3. Postoperative corrective vision with IOL was improved up to 0.8 or better in 446 cases(89.2%). 4. During operation, some complications were developed and those were posterior capsular rupture in 19 cases(3.8%), hyphema in 15 cases(3.0%), Descemet's membrane stripping in 2 cases(0.4%), and corneal edema in 1 case(0.2%). More frequently developed postoperative complications were clinical cystoid macular edema in 26 cases(5.2%), secondary glaucoma in 18 cases(3.6%), and distorted pupil in 13 cases(2.6%). 5. Postoperative corrective vision lower than 0.4 was observed in 22 cases(4.4 %), and the causes were diabetic retinopathy, cystoid macular edema, vitreous opacity, congenital cataract, phacoanaphylactic uveitis, endophthalmitis, amblyopia, optic nerve atrophy, corneal opacity, glaucoma, hypertensive retinopathy, and others.

A Case of Brown's Syndrome Following Tucking of Superior Oblique Muscle

Brown's syndrome or the superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome is motility befect of the eye ball manifest by an inability to raise the adducted eye above the midhorizontal plane. The authors have operated on one patient, 5 years old female, who developad Brown's syndrome secondary to tucking of the superior oblique tendon. The surgery for relieving of the superior oblique tendon tucking and steroid injection on the tendon region were performed on the fourth day after the superior oblique tendon tucking. The symptoms of Brown's syndrome have been improved since the relieving of the superior oblique tendon. At 5 months after this surgery, the patient sbowed only mild hypotropia with A pattern and orthotropic state in the primary position.

Two Cases of Spherophakla in Sister and Brother

We present two cases of spherophakia which occurred in a sister and her brother without exhibiting any other physical abnormality as in most other cases. Spherophakia(microphakia, microspherophakia) is characteristic in that the diameter of the lens is short and the anteroposterior length is long and so the lens is spherical in shape. Secondary glaucoma is usually accompanied with spherophakia. The sister, 10 years old, had spherophakia with secondary glaucoma and the intraocular pressure did not respond to antiglaucomatous medication. ECCE and trabeculectomy was tried to reduce intraocular pressure in both eyes. After the operation, her intraocular pressure was controlled and this state has continued up to now.

Five Years Follow-up Observations of the Ocular Diseases Associated with Leprosy

In 1874, Hansen(Norway) identified Mycobactererium leprae as the causative organism of leprosy, thus enabling man to battle this disease. Since Bull and Hansen(1873) published the report on the ocular complication of leprosy, there has been many articles on the ocular disease associated with leprosy. We visited to St. Heart In Ae Hospital in Sanchung from the 1977 to the 1982 for 5 yrs. We were throuhgly examined to find out who ther they have ocular complications and operation to every year for 5 yrs. The ocular complications have been observed in 169 leprosy patients. Among the examined 338 eyes, 1) The observed ocular complications were corneal disease, secondary cataract, phthisis bulbi in that order of frequency, 2) The visual acuity of operated group is improved in year of 1982 in comparing to year of 1977. The visual prognosis is showed better in tuberculoid type than that of leprosy type, 3) In the group of V.A under 0.1 correction, the operated group showed small rate better in comparing to that of nonoperated group, By operations such as cataract extraction and optical iridectomy, the blindness could be prevented.

A Case of Persistent Pupillary Membrane

The authors experienced a case of persistent pupillary membrane of both eyes whose left eye was required an optical irridectomy operation. The patient was a 2 years old Korean girl who visited our hospital because of visual disturbanc of left eye and Conitant exotropia and abnormally looking pupils of the both eyes. Her visual acuity of left eye was so poor that She couldn't walk around when her right eye was occuluded. Because of the complete peasistent pupillary membrane of left eye, optical irridectomy was peformed. Visual acuity of her left eye postoperatively performed.