ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of MIS and cryptorchidism according to the descending level of testis into scrotum, we studied expression degree of MIS by immunohistochemical analysis using anti-human MIS polyclonal antibody in testicular specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MIS were stained in excised testis by trauma on each 8 patients as control group and age-matched abdominal, inguinal and prepubic cryptorchidism. The expression were classified as score 1, 2, 3 and 4 according to stained degree of percentage in randomized 16 fields(x400) under the light microscope. RESULTS: Of the degree of MIS expression in control group, 87.5% were category 3 or more. The mean score was 3.13+/-0.62. 2. Of the degree of MIS expression in abdominal type cryptorchid testis group that underwent orchiectomies, 68.7% were category 1. The mean score, 1.31 +/- 0.48, showed significant difference compared to control group(p0.05). 4. Of the degree of MIS expression in prepubic type, 75.0% were category 3 or more. And the mean score, 2.88+/-0.62, showed no significant difference compared to control group(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of MIS is different according to descending level of testis and may play a role in physiologic changes of testicular descent.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cryptorchidism , Orchiectomy , Scrotum , TestisABSTRACT
Paragonimiasis is a chronic inflammatory process which frequently involve to the lung. The lung is the main site of infection with Paragonimus westermani, but any place of the body including brain, orbit, liver, intestinal wall, diaphragm, subcutaneous tissue, and etc. may be infected with the larva We report a case of ectopic Paragonimus westermani arising from the adrenal gland, in 70-year-old male.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Adrenal Glands , Brain , Diaphragm , Larva , Liver , Lung , Orbit , Paragonimiasis , Paragonimus westermani , Paragonimus , Subcutaneous TissueABSTRACT
The stage T1 lesion, especially when of high grade, is associate with progression to muscle invasion that ranges from 30 to 50%. Therefore, some researchers have recommended treatment with cystectomy. T0 evaluate bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment of the stage T1 high grade lesion we reviewed our complete response rates and compared them with those of treatment of the stage Ta lesion. And we evaluated the influence of the characteristics of stage T1 tumors such as multiplicity, tumor size and grade to the tumor progression. A total of 21 patients with a diagnosis of stage T1 grade II, III bladder cancer was assigned to receive Pasteur strain BCG intravesically weekly for 6 weeks. Local recurrences were treated with repeat transurethral resection followed by additional BCG treatment. The mean followup was 42 months, with a range of 12 to 83 months. Overall, 14 of 21 patients (67%) were free of tumor recurrence with intravesical BCG therapy. This result includes 43% of the patients who responded to the initial transurethral resection and intravesical BCG, and 24% who ceased having tumors after additional treatments for local recurrences. In stage Ta grade II, III lesion, the overall complete response rate was 72% (18 of 25 patients). The characteristics of stage T1 tumors with and without progression were not statistically different in regard to multiplicity, tumor size and grade. In conclusion, our experience demonstrate that BCG therapy is an effective initial treatment of stage T1 lesion to prevent progression and recurrence, and to preserve bladder function.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacillus , Cystectomy , Diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Mycobacterium bovis , Recurrence , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary BladderABSTRACT
The vesicoureteral reflux (V-U reflux) is one of the serious complication after urinary diversion and enterocystoplasty when combined with ureteroenterostomy. A 33 year-old female patient was presented with moderate hydronephrosis and V-U reflux (Grade III/V) in a single kidney on urograms. She had undergone a nephrectomy and augmentation ileocystoplasty with ureteroileostomy because of urinary tuberculosis sixteen years ago. Antireflux surgery was performed using a segment of sigmoid colon to which the ureter was anastomosed through submucosal tunnel. Follow-up urograms showed disappearance of reflux and improvement of hydronephrosis at five months postoperatively.