Violence in Korean medical dramas

PURPOSE: Although violence occurs frequently in Korean television dramas, its description or definition is unusual. Many studies have shown that TV dramas have a powerful effect on society and the violence shown in medical dramas helps in comprehension of hospital violence occurring in real life. Therefore, this study will cover the types and levels of violence. METHODS: We selected five recent Korean medical dramas. These five dramas, which consisted of 94 episodes and were broadcast from 2007 to 2011, are analyzed. Violence is limited to the occurrence inside the hospital; violence that occurs outside of the hospital is excluded. Media violence is analyzed within PAT (perpetrator-action-target). In addition, the violence levels and violence relationships are analyzed. RESULTS: Among the types of violence, 88.5% is verbal abuse, 3.5% is physical threat, and 8.0% is physical violence. In comparison of the violence relationship, violence between a doctor and a doctor forms the highest rate of 72.6%. In the level of violence, 0 level of violence caused by verbal abuse is the highest (88.5%); however, 5 level of violence level, which is death, is not observed. There are 1475 minutes of violence scenes from 6243 minutes, which is 23.6% of total time. CONCLUSION: Frequency of violence in Korean medical dramas is higher than that of normal dramas. Considering the powerful influence of the mass media, the violence of medical dramas should be controlled. To resolve the problem, the role of advisory doctors seems important.

Development of the Multi-Parametric Mapping Software Based on Functional Maps to Determine the Clinical Target Volumes / 의학물리

To determine the clinical target volumes considering vascularity and cellularity of tumors, the software was developed for mapping of the analyzed biological clinical target volumes on anatomical images using regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. The program provides the functions for integrated registrations using mutual information, affine transform and non-rigid registration. The registration accuracy is evaluated by the calculation of the overlapped ratio of segmented bone regions and average distance difference of contours between reference and registered images. The performance of the developed software was tested using multimodal images of a patient who has the residual tumor of high grade gliomas. Registration accuracy of about 74% and average 2.3 mm distance difference were calculated by the evaluation method of bone segmentation and contour extraction. The registration accuracy can be improved as higher as 4% by the manual adjustment functions. Advanced MR images are analyzed using color maps for rCBV maps and quantitative calculation based on region of interest (ROI) for ADC maps. Then, multi-parameters on the same voxels are plotted on plane and constitute the multi-functional parametric maps of which x and y axis representing rCBV and ADC values. According to the distributions of functional parameters, tumor regions showing the higher vascularity and cellularity are categorized according to the criteria corresponding malignant gliomas. Determined volumes reflecting pathological and physiological characteristics of tumors are marked on anatomical images. By applying the multi-functional images, errors arising from using one type of image would be reduced and local regions representing higher probability as tumor cells would be determined for radiation treatment plan. Biological tumor characteristics can be expressed using image registration and multi-functional parametric maps in the developed software. The software can be considered to delineate clinical target volumes using advanced MR images with anatomical images.

The Effects of Mouth Care on Oral Discomfort of Cancer Patient undergoing Chemotherapy / 성인간호학회지

The effects of the mouth care using cool normal saline on oral discomfort were investigated in 40 patients on chemotherapy. The subjects were divided into two groups, one was experimental group(N=20) in which the subjects were provided mouth care with cool normal saline, the other was the control group(N=20). The data was collected from June. 20 to Oct. 30 in 1998. Oral discomfort was measured by Self Reported Oral Discomfort Assessment Instrument developed by Jung(1995) and Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) Instrument developed by UNMC. Collected data were analyzed by means of frequency, percentage, standard deviation, chi-squre test, t-test. The results were summarized as follows: 1. 'The experimental group which recieved oral care with cool normal saline shoud be lower self reported oral discomfort on 3, 5, 7, 14 days after chemotherapy was supported (p=.025-.000). 2. 'The experimental group which recieved oral care with cool normal saline shoud be lower observational symptom oral discomfort on 3, 5 days after chemotherapy was not supported, but on 7, 14 days after chemotherapy was supported(p=.0011, 0.001). In conclusion, the patient who recieved oral care with cool normal saline showed the decrease in degree of oral discomfort of cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy. So oral care with cool normal saline had been judged the nursing intervention to improve oral discomfort of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.