Ultrastructural Changes of Pineal Gland in Rats Exposed to Microwaves

OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed to see ultrastructural changes of pineal gland in rats exposed to microwaves. METHODS: We conducted an experiment by exposing rats at the electromagnetic wave frequency of 2.45GHz, using with an EMR(electromagnetic radiation) emitting apparatus to study the effect of electromagnetic wave on the pineal gland. Paying especial attention to measure damages to pineal gland cells in the brain, we set the levels of EMR according to the duration of electromagnetic wave exposure at 1.2 joules(20min exposure), 2.4 joules(40min exposure), 3.6 joules(60 min exposure), and 4.8 joules(80min exposure) per 1cm2. RESULTS: Compared with normal cells, main histologic changes were observed with an electron microscope included swelling of the pineal gland cells, a decrease in the electron density of interstitial tissue, an increase in the distances between pineal gland cells, an increase in number of lipid-droplets, and swelling of mitochondria. Especially in those pineal cells exposed to EMR for 80 min, severe swelling of mitochondria and a slight increase in lysosome were observed. CONCLUSION: The authors could identify the harmful effect of microwave by observing abnormal ultrastructural changes of pineal cell in rat according to the increasement of electromagnetic radiation.

Effects of the Selective Management for Increased Intracranial Pressure with Obstruction of Internal Carotid Artery in Rabbits / 영남의대학술지

In order to inquire the most-effective management of increased intracranial pressure(ICP), mannitol, steroid and hyperventilation were used in rabbits after ligation or non-ligation of the carotid artery. Mannitol was more effective than steroid and hyperventilation in the degree of the reduction of ICP. The intracranial pressure was decreased 43~45% for 25~30 minutes after injection of mannitol. Steroid was less effective than mannitol in the degree of the reduction of ICP. But the time of reduction of ICP was longer, that is, the degree of reduction was 24~60 minutes after injection of steroid. Hyperventilation is effective in the initial time only, for 10 minutes after hyperventilation. The degree of ICP reduction was 13.5~16.7 % for 10 minutes after hyperventilation. The combined group, that is three kinds of mangenent were used, is the most effective treatment to reduce ICP of ICP. The degree of the reduction of ICP was 42.1~49.3% for 20 minutes, 47.7~52.5% for 30minnutes. There was no significant difference between and non-ligation group.

Morphological Changes of Cerebrum in Rabbits Exposed to Microwaves

The author measured the severity of brain damage of 36 rabbits irradiated 2.45 GHz microwave for 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively. Electromicroscopic and light microscopic findings of just after, 1 weeks, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after irradiated brain were compared in each time. Swelling and vacualization of nerve cell and mitochondria were noted. Also these changes tend to increased severity along amount of radiation, but revealed reversible changes with time. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers were examined as same manner. These nerve fibers also revealed swelling and vascuolization, these findings also tend to increase severity with irradiation power and more prominent at unmyelinated nerve fibers. Reversability of these findings after each time period were more prominent in myelinated nerve fibers than unmyelinated nerve fibers.

Stereotactic Guided Craniotomy:Method for Localization and Removal of Small Intra-Axial Lesion

Combining the stereotactic precise localization with open craniotomy can decrease post-operative morbidity and is helpful for total removal of small intra-axial lesion. The authors had good results by the stereotactic guided craniotomy. The method and results of the technique are discussed in reference to 8 patients.