Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Men Older Than 40 Living in Seoul: Epidemiologic Survey Using Questionnaire / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Information on sexual function including the prevalence of erectile dysfunction, the severity of erectile dysfunction and the risk factors associated with it, from population-based sampled couples in Seoul, Korea was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,034 couples ranging from 40 to 79 years old living in the Seoul metropolitan area were selected by stepwise random sampling. The total number of study subjects where sufficient answers were obtained was 1,356. The questionnaire included questions on erectile function, sexual performance, and sex life. RESULTS: The combined prevalence of mild, moderate and severe erectile dysfunction was 84.3%. This correlated well with the score on the erection scale of the O'Leary sexual function inventory. The prevalence of severe erectile dysfunction was 11.8%, which increased from 1.0% in subject aged from 40 years to 68.5% in 70 years. The prevalence of self-reported erectile dysfunction was 12.0%. The subjects' age was most strongly associated with erectile dysfunction. After adjusting for age, a higher probability of erectile dysfunction directly correlated with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, cigarette smoking, and low level of education. CONCLUSIONS: The population-based epidemiological data showed that male erectile dysfunction is quite common and impacts on quality of life of men.

The Effect of Presence of Satellite Nodules in Nephrectomized Kidney on Survival in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: There are still some debates concerning kidney preserving surgery for ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma and normal contralateral kidney. It has been proposed that about 10 to 20 per cent of the renal cell carcinoma have satellite nodules along with the main tumor mass. But the exact prognostic implication of the satellite nodules has not been clarified yet. In this study, we tried to evaluate whether the presence of the satellite nodules would be an adverse prognostic factor or not after radical nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1987 until June 1991, 81 patierlts underwent radical nephrectomy, and all of the nephrectomized kidneys were serially cut into slices of 5 mm to probe for any satellite nodules. All the satellite nodults found were examined histologically. All the patients were followed regularly for the mean duration of 67 months. RESULTS: The patholologic stage of the primary tumor was T1 in 19 patients, T2 in 38, T3 in 22 and T4 in 2 patients. Overall 5 year survival rate was 89.5%. Fifteen patients(18.5%) had satellite nodules with histologically identical patterns to the primary tumor, The presence of the satellite nodules increased according to the increasing tumor stage and the size of the primary tumor mass. The survival rate was significantly decreased with the increasing tumor stage, with the 5 year survival rate of 100% in T1, 96.6% in T2, 71.3% in T3 and none in T4 patients(p=0.0001). But the 5 year survival rate of patients with primary tumor with a diameter of less than 7cm was 96.4% compared to 81.7% who have primary tumor with a diameter 7cm and more(p=0.16). Additionally the presence of the satellite nodules did not have an impact on the survival. The 5 year survival rate was 89.7% in patients without satellite nodules and it was 90% in patients with satellite nodules(p=0.87). CONCLUSIONS: There was significant correlation between pathological stage of the prima tumor and survival rate. However, the presence of the satellite nodule and the primary tumor size did not appear to have an impact on survival. We suggest that the molecular biological study for satellite nodule is needed to characterize the satellite nodule in addition to histopathological study.