Intraparotid facial nerve schwannomas

Schwannoma is a benign tumor rarely found in the head and neck and much less commonly found in the intraparotid facial nerve. It is a slow-growing encapsulated tumor originating from the Schwann cells or axonal nerve sheath. It can occur anywhere along the course of the facial nerve. Patients may present with symptoms of facial palsy, but the most common presenting symptom is an asymptomatic swelling. Diagnosis is usually difficult before surgical removal and histopathological examination. We report a rare case of intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma in a 57-year-old female who had sustained a mass of the right preauricular area for 3 years. She reported no pain or facial muscle weakness. Enhanced computed tomography findings revealed the impression of pleomorphic adenoma. However, intraoperative gross findings were not characteristic of pleomorphic adenoma, and a frozen biopsy was performed resulting in the impression of a nerve sheath tumor. We performed an extracapsular surgical excision without parotidectomy. Permanent histopathology and immunohistochemistry reports diagnosed the mass as schwannoma. There were no complications including facial palsy after surgery. No recurrence was found at 6 months after surgery

Primary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Central Nervous System: A Case Report

Primary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the central nervous system is an extremely rare sarcoma of vascular origin. Imaging findings have been reported for few cases. Herein, we present a case of intracranial EHE manifesting as spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. The tumor presented as a well-demarcated hemorrhagic lesion. It had a peripheral location, and showed signs of two-layered target-like mild enhancement in the early phase and gradual fill-in delayed enhancement on MRI.

Primary Angiosarcoma of the Breast: MRI Findings

We present image findings, especially rare MRI of a primary breast angiosarcoma with its histopathology, and also analyze the relevant medical literature reports in terms of the MRI findings. As our patient had unique features of a primary breast angiosarcoma, this case could be very helpful for future diagnosis of this rare breast malignancy by MRI.

Challenging management of chorioamnionitis with placental listeriosis: lessons from 2 cases

Listeriosis is a rare foodborne infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It is 12–20 times more prevalent in pregnant women compared to the general population, with a 20–40% mortality rate in neonates. Early treatment with appropriate antimicrobial agents is critical for pregnancy outcomes; however, the infection is difficult to control because the nonspecific clinical manifestations and rarity of the disease often preclude early diagnosis. We encountered 2 cases of pregnancy-associated listeriosis that occurred at 29 and 37 weeks of gestation. Both neonates were delivered by emergent cesarean section due to fetal condition, and one of the preterm infants died immediately after birth. Pregnancy-associated listeriosis should be considered in the management of unexplained fever or inflammatory conditions in pregnant women.

A huge necrotic liver mass in a 45-year-old woman: delayed hepatic metastasis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor

No abstract available.

Cholangiocarcinoma with a paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction mimicking a pyogenic liver abscess

No abstract available.

Prognostic Impact and Clinicopathological Correlation of CD133 and ALDH1 Expression in Invasive Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) expression are reliable poor-prognosis markers associated with the presence of adverse biomarkers and subtypes of breast cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate and compare the clinical impact of CD133 and ALDH1 expression in invasive breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 291 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent breast cancer operations from 2005 to 2010 at a single institution were included in this retrospective review. CD133 and ALDH1 expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: CD133 and ALDH1 expression were positive in 24.7% and 22.0% of the patients, respectively, and were associated with tumor size, cancer stage, estrogen receptor negativity, nonluminal subtype, triple-negative breast cancer, and recurrence. CD133 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, progesterone receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity, chemotherapy, and poor disease-free (p=0.002) and overall survival (p=0.014), but ALDH1 expression was not. Cancer stage (p<0.001) was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival in multivariate analysis. Cancer stage (p<0.001) and receipt of radiotherapy (p=0.045) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: CD133 or the combination of CD133 and ALDH1 expression were more widely associated with the presence of adverse biomarkers and subtypes of breast cancer, compared to ALDH1 expression alone, and these markers may have a potential predictive role and be a helpful tool in the management for patients with invasive breast cancer.

Sonography of Invasive Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast in Five Cases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sonographic features of invasive apocrine carcinoma (IAC) of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included five pathologically proven cases of IAC, and their sonographic features were retrospectively analyzed according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. RESULTS: All five lesions involved the left breast and were seen as irregularly shaped masses. All lesions, except one, had a parallel orientation to the chest wall. All five lesions showed noncircumscribed margins and heterogeneous echotexture; however, they showed various posterior features. One lesion had edema as an associated feature. Sonographic assessments were classified as BI-RADS category 4 in all five cases. CONCLUSION: Invasive apocrine carcinoma sonographic findings are difficult to differentiate from those of invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type.

Hypernatremia-Induced Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with Meningioma Involving the Pituitary Gland / 대한내과학회지

Hypernatremia is a rare cause of rhabdomyolysis. Here, we report a case of hypernatremia-induced rhabdomyolysis in a patient with meningioma involving the pituitary gland. A 61-year-old male was admitted for decreased mentality and poor oral intake. He had undergone an operation for meningioma 10 years prior. At admission, he appeared lethargic and severely dehydrated with an initial sodium level of 178 mEq/L. Hypernatremia remained persistent despite massive hydration and the serum creatine phosphokinase level was 18,047 U/L after 3 days. Bone scintigraphy also showed findings consistent with rhabdomyolysis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive masses involving the pituitary gland and an intranasal biopsy confirmed meningioma. Polyuria, and low anti-diuretic hormone levels supported the diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus-induced hypernatremia. Desmopressin was administered intranasally and the patient's serum sodium and muscle enzyme levels were normalized.

Failed transarterial embolization of subserosal uterine arteriovenous malformation

Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare but potentially life-threatening from excessive vaginal bleeding. All uterine AVMs reported to date have been found in the endometrial or myometrial layers. Here we present a patient with a subserosal type AVM on the fundus of uterus, which spontaneously ruptured.

Skeletal Muscle Metastases from Breast Cancer: Two Case Reports / 한국유방암학회지

The skeletal muscle is an unusual site for metastasis from breast cancer. We present two cases of breast cancer that relapsed as skeletal muscle metastasis without other distant organ metastasis. We performed the core needle biopsy of metastatic sites and confirmed discordance in estrogen receptor, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression between primary breast cancer and skeletal muscle metastases. In the second case, we found the skeletal muscle metastasis through F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans (PET/CT). Intramuscular hot spots on PET/CT scans should be considered as a sign of metastasis even in the absence of abnormalities on computed tomography scans. Our patients received systemic chemotherapy, and showed a partial response. Further studies are needed to determine the prognosis and proper management of isolated skeletal muscle metastasis in breast cancer.

A Case of Gastritis Cystica Polyposa Presenting as a Hyperplastic Polyp / 대한내과학회지

Gastritis cystica polyposa (GCP) is a rare lesion characterized by hyperplastic and cystic dilatation of the gastric mucosal glands infiltrating into the underlying submucosa. In most cases, it develops in patients who have undergone a gastroenterectomy, but can occasionally be found in an unoperated stomach. GCP may present as a submucosal tumor or polyp, and rarely as a giant gastric mucosal fold. We experienced a case of GCP that presented as a hyperplastic polyp, and it was unrelated to any gastric surgery. Upper endoscopy revealed the presence of a subpedunculated polyp in the posterior wall of the antrum. The lesion was successfully removed by endoscopic mucosal resection and diagnosed as a GCP.

A case of successful delivery after ultrasound guided hysteroscopic removal of intrauterine device with missing tail during early pregnancy / 대한산부인과내시경학회지

In case of intrauterine pregnancy with an intrauterine device (IUD), it is recommended to remove the device because of the increased risk of abortions, septic complications and premature delivery. But removal of intrauterine devices in early pregnancy remains a troublesome problem for both doctors and patients, especially when IUD threads are not visible at the external os. If the thread of the IUD is not visible, extraction with hysteroscopy and ultrasonic guidance is advised. But due to postoperative complications such as uterine rupture or bleeding and electrolyte imbalance, many doctors prefer not to perform the procedure. IUD removal is scarcely performed that there are only 2 successful cases which were reported in Korea until today. Recently we experienced a case of an early pregnant woman with IUD in whom thread was invisible at the cervical os and IUD removal was attempted and successfully performed by ultrasound guided hysteroscopy. Pregnancy was maintained without complications until 39th week and delivered healthy baby. So we report this case with the review of articles related.

IgA Nephropathy: Correlation of WHO Classification and Morphologic Semi-quantitative Scoring System

BACKGROUND: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide, and the clinical course of IgAN shows marked variability. Many efforts have made to histologically predict the clinical outcome. There are two methods to classify IgAN. One is mainly based on the glomerular changes, such as the WHO and the Lee and Haas classification systems. The other is a morphologic semi-quantitative scoring system, which counts the changes of the glomerular, tubulointerstitial and vascular structures, respectively. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the WHO classification properly reflects the various morphologic findings of IgAN. METHODS: We analyzed 354 cases of IgAN by both the WHO classification system and the semiquantitative scoring system and evaluated the correlations of these two methods. RESULTS: The severity of the glomerular lesions (glomerulosclerosis, capsular adhesion and mesangial matrix expansion) and the tubulointerstitial lesions (interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration) are strongly correlated with the increase of the WHO classes of IgAN (Spearman's rho [R] > or =0.5, p<0.05). There is a weak correlation between crescent formation and the increase of the WHO classes (R=0.3, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the WHO classification well reflects the severity of various morphologic findings and this suggests a complementary role for the semi-quantitative scoring system in classifying IgAN.

Femoral Nerve Palsy caused by Iliopsoas Bursitis Associated with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head : A Case Report

Iliopsoas bursitis is known to occur in relation to hip joint lesions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, synovial chondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis and rarely osteonecrosis of the femoral head, but femoral nerve palsy due to iliopsoas bursitis is a very rare condition. A patient visited to the emergency room because of anesthesia of the anterior thigh. A mass had developed and this enlarged to 3x5 cm in size after 2 weeks, and this was probably due to progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The patient was finally diagnosed with femoral nerve palsy that was caused by a distended iliopsoas bursa, which was detected by ultrasonography and enhanced MRI. Total hip arthroplasty via the posterior approach was done and the connected iliopsoas bursa was removed. After operation, the anesthesia of the anterior thigh and the motor power were improved. We report here on a case of femoral nerve palsy due to iliopsoas bursitis that was related to osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and we review the relevant medical literature.

An Analysis of HER-2/neu, ERCC1, and GST-pi in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who are Treated with Platinum-based Chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: Platinum-based chemotherapy has shown to be an effective first-line treatment for patients with advanced stage, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated the response rate to combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and taxane, and the significance of the HER-2/neu, ERCC1, and GST-pi status as predictive markers for the tumor response. METHODS: The HER-2/neu, ERCC1, and GST-pi status were analyzed in the biopsy specimens obtained from 35 patients with advanced stage NSCLC prior to cisplatin plus either paclitaxel or docetaxel chemotherapy. RESULTS: The response rate of the tumors to combination chemotherapy was 62.9% (22/35). HER-2/neu was amplified in 51.4% (18/35) of the tumors, and this was observed exclusively in patients with progressive disease (p=0.014). ERCC1 was overexpressed in 77.2% of the specimens (27/35), and this showed a tendency to correlate with the tumor response (p=0.057). GST-pi was detected in 85.7% of the specimens (30/35). Seventy-seven percent of the patients with a negative HER-2/neu and positive ERCC1 status showed a partial response, which was in contrast to only a 25% response rate for the patients with a positive HER-2/neu and negative ERCC1 status (p=0.006). The overall survival was prolonged in the patients without HER-2/neu amplification (15 vs 8.5 months, respectively, p=0.008). On multivariate analysis, the HER-2/neu status remained the significant predictor of survival (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: A combination of the ERCC1, HER-2/neu status may define a subset of patients with the most favorable response to combination chemotherapy regimens for treating advanced NSCLC.

Osteopathia Striata with Cranial Sclerosis: Report of Two Cases

Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis is a very rare sclerosing bone dysplasia that is characterized by the radiological appearance of longitudinal striations at the metaphysis of the long bones associated with cranial sclerosis. Here, we report a 10-month-old female infant and a 31-year-old male, who were diagnosed incidentally by showing longitudinal sclerotic lines symmetrically in the long bone ends and basal sclerosis of the cranium. The diagnostic linear striation was found not only in the long bones but also in the ribs and phalanges, which are very rare sites for striation. We discuss the radiology findings of osteopathia striata with the possible complication of cranial sclerosis.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Correlation with Clinical Parameters and Prognosis

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) vary in their biologic behavior. Recurrence and tumor-related mortality may be attributable to molecular abnormalities in primary tumors. This study evaluated such immunophenotypes with regard to cell cycle regulation and proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, to determine their significance for patient outcome. Core biopsies from 219 patients with NSCLC were assembled on tissue microarrays, and the expressions of p16, p21, p27, cyclin B1, cyclin E, Ki-67, caspase-3, survivin, bcl-2, VEGF, and endostatin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Despite previously described prognostic relevance of some of the investigated molecules, many of those markers were not directly associated with recurrence or survival. However, there was a trend for p16 immunoreactivity to be associated with a good prognosis (57% vs. 42% in 5-yr survival) (p=0.071). bcl-2 expression was strongly correlated with a better outcome (65% vs. 45% in 5-yr survival) (p=0.029), and the hazard of death for bcl-2 positive patients was 0.42 times of that for bcl-2 negative patients (p=0.047). A multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards model confirmed that the lymph node status (p=0.043) and stage (p=0.003) were other independent prognostic factors. Our results suggest that p16 and bcl-2 provide prognostic information independent of the TNM stage in NSCLC.

Synchronous Occurrence of a Gastric Adenocarcinoma and a GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor): A Case Report

A gastric adenocarcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, but there are some geographical differences in its incidence. A gastrointestinal tumor is an uncommon disease with a wide spectrum of aggressive behavior. These two tumors have a distinct pathogenesis, and synchronous occurrence of an adenocarcinoma and a GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) in the stomach is very rare. We report a case of synchronous occurrence of a gastric adenocarcinoma and GIST in a 64-year-old man. We performed the following tests: barium swallowing test, gastroduodenoscopy, and CT scanning. We performed a total gastrectomy, and a 9 cm-sized GIST at the fundus and a small early gastric cancer at the antrum were confirmed pathologically. Some explanations for this rare case exist, but in our opinion, the synchronous occurrence is a rare but probable event that can happen in an endemic area. We describe a case of synchronous occurrence of a gastric adenocarcinoma and GIST in the stomach, with a review of the literature.

Trichoblastic Carcinoma arising in Trichoblastoma: A Case Report

Trichoblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of follicular germ cell origin; to the best of our knowledge, only six trichoblastic carcinomas arising in trichoblastomas have appeared on the literature. We recently experienced a trichoblastic carcinoma arising in a long standing trichoblastoma. A 68-year old woman came to the hospital with a chief complaint of an ulcerated nodule on her face. The nodule, 1.1x0.9 cm with an asymmetrical configuration, had been present and unchanged for more than 20 years, however, it grew suddenly with painful burning sensation. An excisional biopsy was performed and disclosed a deeply invasive, highgrade carcinoma, which consisted of cohesive epithelial cells arranged in irregular plump or germinative cell nests of various sizes. However, at the periphery of the tumor was a benign trichoblastoma surrounded by perifollicular sheath. We believe that the present case is a trichoblastic carcinoma developed via malignant transformation of pre-existing trichoblastoma.