ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Although the clinical importance of the immunological benefits of breastfeeding has been emphasized for decades, their direct relationship with acute pyelonephritis (APN) is still not clear. Our goal was to determine whether breastfeeding truly provides protection against APNs, while investigating the effects of other factors such as sex, age, mode of delivery, and birth weight on APN.@*METHODS@#A total of 62 infants under 6 months of age who had both microbiologically and radiologically-confirmed APN were enrolled in the case group. Healthy infants (n = 178) who visited the hospital for scheduled vaccinations were enrolled in the control group. The following participant characteristics were compared between the case and control groups: age, sex, birth order among siblings, feeding methods, weight percentile by month, birth weight percentile by gestational age, gestational age at birth, and mode of delivery.@*RESULTS@#Babies exclusively fed with manufactured infant formulae before 6 months of age had significantly higher risk for APN than breastfed or mixed-fed infants (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.687–7.031; P = 0.001). Firstborn babies had lower risk for APN than 2nd- or 3rd-born babies (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.210–0.919). Other factors that increased the risk for APN were low birth weight percentiles (OR, 8.33; 95% CI, 2.300–30.166) and birth via caesarean section (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.097–4.887). There were more preterm births in the case group (10.9% vs. 1.7%; P = 0.002), but this did not increase the risk for APN (OR, 4.47; P = 0.063).@*CONCLUSION@#Feeding exclusively with formula before 6 months of age was related to higher risk for APN, which demonstrates that breastfeeding has a protective effect against APN. The other risk factors for APN were birth order (≥ 2nd-born), low birth weight, and birth via caesarean section.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although the clinical importance of the immunological benefits of breastfeeding has been emphasized for decades, their direct relationship with acute pyelonephritis (APN) is still not clear. Our goal was to determine whether breastfeeding truly provides protection against APNs, while investigating the effects of other factors such as sex, age, mode of delivery, and birth weight on APN.METHODS: A total of 62 infants under 6 months of age who had both microbiologically and radiologically-confirmed APN were enrolled in the case group. Healthy infants (n = 178) who visited the hospital for scheduled vaccinations were enrolled in the control group. The following participant characteristics were compared between the case and control groups: age, sex, birth order among siblings, feeding methods, weight percentile by month, birth weight percentile by gestational age, gestational age at birth, and mode of delivery.RESULTS: Babies exclusively fed with manufactured infant formulae before 6 months of age had significantly higher risk for APN than breastfed or mixed-fed infants (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.687–7.031; P = 0.001). Firstborn babies had lower risk for APN than 2nd- or 3rd-born babies (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.210–0.919). Other factors that increased the risk for APN were low birth weight percentiles (OR, 8.33; 95% CI, 2.300–30.166) and birth via caesarean section (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.097–4.887). There were more preterm births in the case group (10.9% vs. 1.7%; P = 0.002), but this did not increase the risk for APN (OR, 4.47; P = 0.063).CONCLUSION: Feeding exclusively with formula before 6 months of age was related to higher risk for APN, which demonstrates that breastfeeding has a protective effect against APN. The other risk factors for APN were birth order (≥ 2nd-born), low birth weight, and birth via caesarean section.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Birth Order , Birth Weight , Breast Feeding , Cesarean Section , Feeding Methods , Gestational Age , Infant Formula , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Parturition , Premature Birth , Pyelonephritis , Reproductive History , Risk Factors , Siblings , Urinary Tract Infections , VaccinationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Although the clinical importance of the immunological benefits of breastfeeding has been emphasized for decades, their direct relationship with acute pyelonephritis (APN) is still not clear. Our goal was to determine whether breastfeeding truly provides protection against APNs, while investigating the effects of other factors such as sex, age, mode of delivery, and birth weight on APN.@*METHODS@#A total of 62 infants under 6 months of age who had both microbiologically and radiologically-confirmed APN were enrolled in the case group. Healthy infants (n = 178) who visited the hospital for scheduled vaccinations were enrolled in the control group. The following participant characteristics were compared between the case and control groups: age, sex, birth order among siblings, feeding methods, weight percentile by month, birth weight percentile by gestational age, gestational age at birth, and mode of delivery.@*RESULTS@#Babies exclusively fed with manufactured infant formulae before 6 months of age had significantly higher risk for APN than breastfed or mixed-fed infants (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.687–7.031; P = 0.001). Firstborn babies had lower risk for APN than 2nd- or 3rd-born babies (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.210–0.919). Other factors that increased the risk for APN were low birth weight percentiles (OR, 8.33; 95% CI, 2.300–30.166) and birth via caesarean section (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.097–4.887). There were more preterm births in the case group (10.9% vs. 1.7%; P = 0.002), but this did not increase the risk for APN (OR, 4.47; P = 0.063).@*CONCLUSION@#Feeding exclusively with formula before 6 months of age was related to higher risk for APN, which demonstrates that breastfeeding has a protective effect against APN. The other risk factors for APN were birth order (≥ 2nd-born), low birth weight, and birth via caesarean section.
ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can be presented with various clinical manifestations and different levels of severity when infected. Infectious mononucleosis, which is most commonly caused by EBV infection in children and adolescents, is a clinical syndrome characterized by fatigue, malaise, fever, sore throat, and generalized lymphadenopathy. But rarely, patients with infectious mononucleosis may present with gastrointestinal symptoms and complicated by gastritis, splenic infarction, and splenic rupture. We encountered a 16-year-old girl who presented with fever, fatigue, and epigastric pain. Splenic infarction and EBV-associated gastritis were diagnosed by using esophagogastroduodenoscopy and abdominal computed tomography. Endoscopy revealed a generalized hyperemic nodular lesion in the stomach, and the biopsy findings were chronic gastritis with erosion and positive in situ hybridization for EBV. As splenic infarction and acute gastritis are rare in infectious mononucleosis and are prone to be overlooked, we must consider these complications when an infectious mononucleosis patient presents with gastrointestinal symptom.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Biopsy , Endoscopy , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Fatigue , Fever , Gastritis , Herpesvirus 4, Human , In Situ Hybridization , Infectious Mononucleosis , Lymphatic Diseases , Pharyngitis , Splenic Infarction , Splenic Rupture , StomachABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Propranolol, a beta-blocker and well known anti-hypertensive medication, has been used as the first-line therapy for pediatric hemangioma since 2010. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of propranolol when used to treat pediatric hemangioma patients for one year or longer in a single institution. METHODS: A retrospective chart review analysis was done of 65 pediatric hemangioma patients treated with oral propranolol as the first-line therapy from 2010 to 2016. The patients were examined regularly at an interval of 1 to 2 months for changes in hemangioma size, growth and development, and occurrence of acute side effects of propranolol such as hypotension, hypoglycemia and bronchial constriction. RESULTS: Twenty patients were treated with propranolol for a year or longer and their median age was 202 days (range, 36 to 4,284 days) and mean duration of treatment was 22.5 months (range, 12 to 49 months). At 12 months of treatment, the average percentage of size decrement was 40.5%. When the weight and height percentile were compared between at diagnosis and 12 months post-treatment, all 20 patients showed normal growth curve and development. Patients did not show any acute side effects of propranolol during 12 months of treatment. One patient experienced hypoglycemia induced seizure, but this event was subsequently diagnosed as ketotic hypoglycemia induced from prolonged fasting. CONCLUSION: Propranolol was effective and well tolerated in children with hemangioma when used for one year or longer.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bronchoconstriction , Diagnosis , Fasting , Growth and Development , Hemangioma , Hypoglycemia , Hypotension , Propranolol , Retrospective Studies , SeizuresABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Propranolol, a beta-blocker and well known anti-hypertensive medication, has been used as the first-line therapy for pediatric hemangioma since 2010. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of propranolol when used to treat pediatric hemangioma patients for one year or longer in a single institution.METHODS: A retrospective chart review analysis was done of 65 pediatric hemangioma patients treated with oral propranolol as the first-line therapy from 2010 to 2016. The patients were examined regularly at an interval of 1 to 2 months for changes in hemangioma size, growth and development, and occurrence of acute side effects of propranolol such as hypotension, hypoglycemia and bronchial constriction.RESULTS: Twenty patients were treated with propranolol for a year or longer and their median age was 202 days (range, 36 to 4,284 days) and mean duration of treatment was 22.5 months (range, 12 to 49 months). At 12 months of treatment, the average percentage of size decrement was 40.5%. When the weight and height percentile were compared between at diagnosis and 12 months post-treatment, all 20 patients showed normal growth curve and development. Patients did not show any acute side effects of propranolol during 12 months of treatment. One patient experienced hypoglycemia induced seizure, but this event was subsequently diagnosed as ketotic hypoglycemia induced from prolonged fasting.CONCLUSION: Propranolol was effective and well tolerated in children with hemangioma when used for one year or longer.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bronchoconstriction , Diagnosis , Fasting , Growth and Development , Hemangioma , Hypoglycemia , Hypotension , Propranolol , Retrospective Studies , SeizuresABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rosacea is characterized by erythema of the central face that persists for several months or longer. Reports of the histological changes in rosacea are scarce, and few attempts have been made to correlate such changes with clinical findings and pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the clinical manifestations of rosacea and investigate its histological features. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 278 patients with histologically confirmed rosacea who visited the Department of Dermatology at the Catholic Medical Center between January 2008 and May 2013. Clinical subtypes, disease severity, and precipitating factors were evaluated. In 115 randomly selected patients, histopathological features were evaluated as well. RESULTS: The ratio of males to females was 1:1.8. The age distribution showed a peak incidence in the fifth decade. The most common subtype was papulopustular rosacea (52.9%) followed by erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (34.9%), ocular rosacea (4.0%), and phymatous rosacea (2.9%). Granulomatous rosacea accounted for 5.4% of rosacea cases. Precipitating factors included hot weather (54.7%), stress (51.8%), sun exposure (37.4%), alcohol (37.4%), and hot baths (33.1%). Histological analysis of skin biopsies from 115 patients revealed solar elastosis in 62 patients (53.9%) and telangiectasia in 85 patients (73.9%). CONCLUSION: In this study, Korean rosacea patients were predominantly female with a peak age in the fifth decade and the majority suffered from the papulopustular and erythematotelangiectatic types of rosacea. Histological observations pertaining to each rosacea type were also discussed.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Age Distribution , Baths , Biopsy , Dermatology , Erythema , Incidence , Korea , Precipitating Factors , Retrospective Studies , Rosacea , Skin , Solar System , Telangiectasis , WeatherABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes , Lymphoma, B-Cell , Waldenstrom MacroglobulinemiaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is no report on the actual conditions and current educational status of dermatopathology in Korean the literature, implying that the interest in dermatopathology, which is important in clinical practice, is drawn away. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the actual conditions of dermatopathology. Based on the collected data, we could set up the directions for the development of dermatopathology. METHODS: From April to June 2012, we conducted a survey of 62 dermatologic training hospitals and 328 residents working in the dermatology department in Korea, respectively, by mail, anonymously. RESULTS: Residents' satisfaction of current dermatopathology education was significantly higher in tertiary hospitals and in hospitals with numerous dermatologists. The number of performed skin biopsies per week was also significantly larger in tertiary hospitals. Of tertiary hospitals and hospitals with numerous dermatologists, lectures given by dermatologists or dermatologists specialized in dermatopathology took a higher proportion in the dermatopathology course, and in-hospital dermatopathology conferences were held more than 5 times a month. CONCLUSION: As shown in the result of this survey, to enhance interest in dermatopathology, we suggest activation of the Korean society for dermatopathology and joint conferences among local hospitals.
Subject(s)
Anonyms and Pseudonyms , Biopsy , Congresses as Topic , Dermatology , Education , Educational Status , Joints , Korea , Lecture , Postal Service , Skin , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
Glomus tumor is composed of a benign neoplasm arising from the glomus body, which participates in thermal regulation. It usually presents as a circumscribed or solitary tumor characterized by paroxysmal pain. They are generally located in the distal extremities, and are most frequently present in the palms, soles, or nail beds. The author herein reports a case in which a glomus tumor was discovered in the nose. A glomus tumorin the nose is rare. In this case, a 66-year-old woman had a solitary, tender, bluish subcutaneous nodule with superficial telangiectasia on her nose for 20 years.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Extremities , Glomus Tumor , Nails , Nose , TelangiectasisABSTRACT
The point prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) among Korean adults visiting the Health Service Center for health check-ups was assessed. AD was diagnosed based on the questionnaires filled by patients and through physical examination by dermatologists. A total of 3,563 persons completed the questionnaires, and 2,032 persons were examined by the dermatologists. According to the questionnaires, the prevalence of AD was 7.1%, and from the dermatologists' examination, it was 2.6% overall, which decreased with age significantly. The prevalence in men was higher than that of women. Grading the severity of AD according to their eczema area and severity index scores, 70.6% were classified as being mild, 25.5% moderate, and 3.9% severe. Interestingly, concomitance of psoriasis and AD was found in 0.5% of those examined by the dermatologists. Our results suggest that AD is one of the most common skin diseases not only in children but also in adults in Korea.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Dermatitis, Atopic/complications , Hospitals, University , Prevalence , Psoriasis/complications , Surveys and Questionnaires , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Acquired Blaschko dermatitis is a rare inflammatory linear eruption that presents as multiple lines of itching papules and vesicles following the Blaschko's lines. Only ten cases have been reported in literatures since Grosshans' first description in 1990 and all cases have been in adults. A 2-year-old girl presented with a 4-month history of a slightly pruritic papulovesicular eruption, which was limited to the left side of her body, along the Blaschko's line. A skin biopsy revealed interface dermatitis. The eruption initially failed to respond to treatment with topical steroids but responded to systemic steroids. We present the first case of acquired Blaschko dermatitis in a child with a review of the relevant literature.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Biopsy , Dermatitis , Lichens , Pruritus , Skin , SteroidsABSTRACT
Dermal melanocytosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic melanocytes in the dermis. Dermal melanocytosis assumes several morphologic forms, including the Mongolian spot, the blue nevus, the nevus of Ota, the nevus of Ito and dermal melanocytic hamartoma. Differential diagnostic features of these dermal melanocytic lesions depend on onset, course, distribution, histologic features, uniformity of pigmentation, etc. In our case, an 18-year-old girl had asymptomatic 5x3cm sized ill-defined bluish patch on left forearm since birth. Histologic examinations revealed marked increased infiltrate of pigment cells mainly in the upper dermis in Hematoxylin & eosin stain . Fontana-Masson stain and Gp 100 stain revealed marked infiltrate of melanin-containing cells in upper dermis. We report a rare case of dermal melanocyte hamartoma.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Dermis , Eosine Yellowish-(YS) , Forearm , Hamartoma , Hematoxylin , Melanocytes , Mongolian Spot , Nevus , Nevus of Ota , Nevus, Blue , Parturition , PigmentationABSTRACT
Intraepidermal epithelioma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm characterized histologically by intraepidermal collections of malignant appearing keratinocytes preserving the epidermal architecture. In our case, the tumour unusually showed parakeratosis and dermal invasion. There were a few reports which exhibited parakeratosis and invasion. So, we suggest there may be correlation between these factors.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma , Keratinocytes , ParakeratosisABSTRACT
Seborrheic keratoses are benign skin tumors and exceedingly common. The etiology of seborrheic keratoses is unknown. Several possible causes such as genetic propensity, sun exposure, human papillomavirus and epidermal growth factors are suggested. Among these findings, their familial occurrences have been rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of early-onset, multiple, familial seborrheic keratoses in a 36-year-old man.