Comparison of Conventional Transanal Resection with Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery in Patients with Rectal Neoplasm / 대한내시경복강경외과학회지

PURPOSE: Compared to traditionally used abdominoperineal resection and low anterior resection for the treatment of rectal neoplasm, transanal excision (TAE) has several benefits such as a lower complication rate, a shorter average hospital stay and improved quality of life. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) was recently introduced for resecting rectal neoplasm. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic results between TAE and TEM in patients with rectal neoplasm. METHODS: From October 2000 to December 2008, 115 patients underwent TEM or TAE at the NCC. Among the patient with rectal neoplasm, the patients with recurred rectal cancer and pathologic T2 or T3 stage were excluded. Thirty four and 33 patients were included for this study in the TAE and TEM groups, respectively. The locations of the lesion, the average number of fragmented specimens, the resection margin, postoperative complications and recurrence were retrospectively compared between the TEM and TAE groups. For the patients with T1 cancer, the disease-free survival rates were compared between the TAE and TEM groups. RESULTS: The median distance of lesions from the anal verge in the TEM group was higher than that in the TAE group: (mean distance: 6.75 cm, range: 3~15 cm) for TEM group and (mean distance: 3.13 (range: 1~8 cm) for the TAE group, p<0.001). The TAE group had more fragmented specimens than the TEM group (mean for the TAE: 1.44 (range: 1~4), mean for the TEM group: 1.06 (range: 1~2), p=0.031). For the patients with T1 cancer, the 3 year disease-free survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups (83.9% for the TAE group and 91.7% for the TEM group p=0.734). CONCLUSION: TEM can remove higher located rectal neoplasm and a less fragmented specimen was aquired that that in TAE. TEM seems to have similar oncologic outcomes as compared with TAE.

The Effect of Push, Pull, and Push-Pull Interactive Factors for Internationalization of Contract Foodservice Management Company

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of push, pull and push-pull interactive factors for CFMC (Contract Foodservice Management Company)'s internationalization. The study was a quantitative study part in mixed methods (QUAL --> quan) which was mainly qualitative study and quantitative study. Mail survey was carried out for quantitative study. For study subjects, 1,281 persons who completed 'Food Service Management Professional Program' of 'Y' University were selected as a population because the program was mainly for CFMC's workers. The analysis methods used in this study were frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with SPSS 17.0. Push factors had the saturation in domestic market and the manager's purpose (fac.1) and the investment for internationalization (fac.2). Pull factors had the company's external environment for internationalization (fac.3) and the global network and spread of culture (fac.4). Push-pull interactive factors had the information about foreign market (fac.5), the procedure and budget of overseas expansion (fac.6) and the national network and size of domestic market (fac.7). Internal dynamics factors had the deterrents for internationalization (fac.8) and the enablers for internationalization (fac.9). The result showed that the company's external environment in pull factors had positive effects on the deterrents for internationalization. The global network and the spread of culture had positive effects on the enablers for internationalization. The information about foreign market in push-pull interactive factors had positive effects on the deterrents and enablers for internationalization. The national network and the size of domestic market had positive effects on the enablers for internationalization. The deterrents and enablers for internationalization had positive effects on the level of internationalization, and the deterrents had more effects on the level of internationalization than the enablers did (beta= .492 > .177).

Clinicopathologic Features of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer with MLH1/MSH2 Loss of Expression - Reduced Likelihood of Metastases

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the frequency of MMR defective sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) by using immunohistochemistry and to investigate the correlation between the MMR status and the metastatic potential. METHODS: The study included 249 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection. The MMR status was determined by using an immunohistochemical analysis of MLH1 and MSH2 expression. RESULTS: Twenty seven (10.8%) carcinomas showed abnormal MMR protein expression (18 MLH1 negative and 9 MSH2 negative) and were classified as MMR defective tumors whereas 222 tumors demonstrated normal MLH1/MSH2 immunoreactivity (MMR intact tumor). MMR defective tumors developed at significantly higher frequencies in a proximal site (59.3% vs. 27.5%, P=0.001) and tended to be larger in size (6.3+/-2.4 cm vs. 5.1+/-2.1 cm, P=0.026). They showed significantly lower overall stage, N stage, and M stage at the time of diagnosis (P=0.002, P=0.014, P=0.010, respectively). In patients who had MMR defective tumors, lymphocytic infiltration (40.7% vs. 8.7%, P<0.001) and poor differentiation (22.2% vs. 11.7%, P=0.012) were more frequently observed. Less frequently MMR defective tumors displayed lymphatic invasion (40.7% vs. 67.1%, P=0.007) and infiltrative borders (22.2% vs. 51.8%, P=0.004). The MMR defect was strongly associated with a decreased likelihood of lymph node (odds ratio: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13~0.95) and distant organ metastases at diagnosis (odds ratio: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01~0.94), independent of the clinicopathologic features. CONCLUSIONS: mmunohistochemical analysis revealed that 10.8% of sporadic CRC cases showed no staining for MLH1 or MSH2. Lymphatic invasion and distant metastases were found at lower rates in these MMR defective tumors.

Safety and Efficacy of Colonoscopic Tattooing of a Colorectal Neoplasm Prior to a Laparoscopic Resection

PURPOSE: Accurate tumor localization prior to a laparoscopic surgical resection is the critical. India ink tattoos properly placed in the colorectum are long lasting and have been reported to probably remain constantly in previous studies. The present study was done to review the safety and reliability of colonoscopic tattooing prior to a laparoscopic resection of a colorectal neoplasm. METHODS: Between May 2003 and August 2004, 20 patients underwent colonoscopic tattooing of a colorectal neoplasm prior to laparoscopic surgery. The clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among the 20 patients, 14 (70%) had tumors located in the sigmoid colon, 4 (20%) had tumors in the rectosigmoid junction, and 1 had a tumor (5%) in the upper rectum and descending colon. In six patients (30%) who had received an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), an additional surgical resection was required to remove the tumor completely, and those 6 patients needed another preoperative colonoscopy for India ink tattooing. The median time between tattooing and resection was 2 days (range: 1 to 18 days). Tattoos were visualized intraoperatively and localized the tumor accurately in 15 patients (75%). Seven patients underwent intraoperative colonoscopy; five didn't have tattoos that could be visualized intraoperatively, and two patients with visible tattoos needed intraoperative colonoscopy to confirm the site of tumor. Only one patient (5%) had mild fever with abdominal discomfort, which were relieved by hydration and administration of intravenous antibiotics for one day. CONCLUSIONS: A colorectal neoplasm can be localized with an acceptable reliability by using preoperative colonoscopic tattooing. India ink tattooing at the time of the EMR may reduce unnecessary colonoscopies if we doubt a complete resection has been achieved by using an EMR. The complications following colonoscopic tattooing were minimal.

Importance, Support and Application for Contract Foodservice Management Company's Infra-System in the Viewpoint of Headquarters and Branch Office / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was design to grope the suggestions leading synergic effects by bridging the gap between headquarters and branch office, and so to identify the infra-system of contract foodservice management company (CFMC) necessary for operating any kind of branch office including school, hospital and business and industry (B&I). Among 8 categories consisted of infra-system in CFMC, 'C8. Evaluation & analysis for branch office's operation' was the most important category in the headquarter's viewpoint, while 'C3. Sanitation management system' was the most important category in branch office's viewpoint. In support and application, 'C3. Sanitation management system' was the highest category in both headquarters and branch offices including school, hospital and B&I. As a result of analysis on gap between main and branch office in importance, support and application in 8 categories, the efforts of communication and community of perception for infrastructure were needed, because 'C4. Education & training for human resource management (HRM) system' and 'C8. Evaluation & analysis for branch office's operation' in importance, 'C2. Menu management system', 'C4. Education & training for HRM system', 'C6. Facility & utility support system' and 'C8. Evaluation & analysis for branch office's operation' in support had a gap. Correlation analysis to grasp the relation between importance of infra-system and headquarters' support or branch office's application showed that headquarters's importance and support were correlated positively in 'C3. Sanitation management system', 'C6. Facility & utility support system', 'C7. Customer satisfaction management system' and 'C8. Evaluation & analysis for branch office's operation' and branch office's importance and application were correlated positively in 'C1. Procurement & food processing system', 'C5. Management Information system', 'C7. Customer satisfaction management system' and 'C8. Evaluation & analysis for branch office's operation'. Lastly, 'C6. Facility & utility support system' in the branch office of school and hospital and 'C2. Menu management system' in the branch office of B&I were high in importance, low in support and application, therefore intensive support for these categories was needed. In conclusion, continuous check and improvement for categories, which were identified as an urgent problems to be solved in this study, among infra-structure qualifying for CFMC,would enable contract foodservice industry that has grown quantitatively till now to grow qualitatively.

The Effect of the Food Service Industry up on the National Economy of Korea / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The food-service industry in Korea has experienced remarkable growth during the past few decades. The objectives of this study were to analyze the influence of the food-service industry upon the national economy by using an inputoutput analysis and to find the industrial position of the food service industry. This paper analysed the economic effect of the food-service industry using 168 items arranged in a transaction table based on producer's prices in the 1995 input-output tables. The results of this study showed that the food-service industry had a major influence on the national economy of Korea. Based on the calculation of the following five coefficients; Korea's production inducement coefficient ranked as 50, its import inducement coefficient ranked as 28, its value added inducement coefficient ranked as 32, its worker inducement coefficient ranked as 2 and its employee inducement coefficient per final demand ranked as 5 in a total of 168 industries.

A Study of the Operation of Contract Food Service Management and Menu Preferences of Middle School Students in Seoul / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This research was to investigate the operation of contracted food service management and menu preferences of middle school students in Seoul. Questionnaires were distributed between Dec. 1 and 20, 2000 in 10 middle schools. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SAS package, including the mean, standard deviation and frequency analysis. The results can be summarized as follows: The average number of meals per middle school was 1,000 and only lunch was served in each school. In terms of facilities and equipment, low rates of the possession of cooking equipment and food carts were the major hindrance to work and production efficiency. The students' main demands were taste, sanitation, variety of food, the introduction of brand foods, the price of foods, and the speed of reaction to their dissatisfaction. Most of the schools provided rice for lunch, while the students preferred noodles, mandu and bread. beef-rib soup was preferred to broth. For side dishes, fish, roasted meat and fried foods were highly favored, along with processed foods, with low preferences for vegetables. The middle school students favored fruits. Lastly, they requested that the quality of school meals be improved through the development and supply of various desserts.

Cytotoxic effects of prevotella nigrescens on cultured cells / 대한치과보존학회지

No abstract available.

A STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING TO TOOTH WEAR / 대한치과보철학회지

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to tooth wear. For this study, 78 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 76 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Preferred chewing side, Angle's classification, lateral guidance pattern, head and shoulder posture wee observed clinically. Electromyographic activity of anterior temporalis and masseter muscle were recorded with BioEMG and occlusal status were recorded with T-Scan . Wear facet area of each tooth was measured from working model of upper arch corresponding to the occlusal status from T-Scan, Wear facet area were measured with planimeter in mm2. Total area were divided into incisal, canine, posterior tooth area. Anterior wearfacet area was incisor area plus canine area, and unilateral area was anterior area plus posterior area. The data collected were analyzed by SAS statistical program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups in total werafacet area, and male subjects showed tendency to have larger area in the normal group but female subjects showed tendency vice versa. 2. There was no significant difference related to preferred chewing side and Angle's classification, however, some difference was observed by lateral guidance pattern. Anterior wear facet area in subjects of canine guidance was the largest in the three subgroups. 3. Subjects with head tilting to right side had larger posterior and total area, and subjects with higher shoulder in right side had larger canine and anterior area than any other subgrous. 4. Electromyographic activity of masseter muscle was more correlated with wear facet area than anterior temporalis muscle, and tooth contact number and force were significantly correlated with wear facet area, but the most important factor affecting tooth attrition was age.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANDIBULAR MOVEMENTS AT INCISAL AREA AND CONDYLAR MOVEMENTS / 대한치과보철학회지

The author performed this study to investige the relationship between condylar movements recorded with Pantronic and mandibular movements at incisal area recorded with BioEGN. For this study 24 patients with Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and 30 dental students without any masticatory symptoms were selected as patients group and control group, respectively. The items recorded with Pantronic(Denar Corp., USA) were immediate side-shift, orbiting path, protrusive path, and PRI. BioEGN(Bioelectric-gnathography, Bioresearch Inc., USA) were sued to measure the amount of mandibular torque movement in frontal and horizontal plane and also the distance of mandibular translation at incisal area. Amount of mandibular rotational torque movement was analyzed by angle and difference between both condyles in frontal and horizontal plane. The collected data were processed with SAS program and conclusion were as follows : 1. Mean value of items recorded with Pantronic were not significantly differed between patients group and control group except the item of pantographic reproducibility index(PRI). The value of PRI was 39.5 in patients group, and 29.5 in control group. 2. The amount of mandibular torque movement was not differed tin early protrusive and early left excursion between patients group and control group, but in early right excursion, patients group showed more value than control group did. 3. The distance on sagittal plane in early eccentric movements were longer in patients group than those in control group, but the distance of maximal eccentric movements were not significantly differed between patients group and control group. 4. Items which showed significant correlation with PRI were progressive side-shift, and horizontal torque movement in early protrusion and right excursion. 5. The angle of protrusive path of affected side was greater than of non-affected side in unilaterally affected patients, but the protrusive angle of preferred chewing side was not differed from that of contralateral side in control group. 6. The amount of torque movement in early protrusion and right excursion were greater in patients with coincidence of affected side and preferred chewing side than in patients without coincidence.

Analysis on Production Processes between Conventional and Commissary School Foodservice Systems in Kyunggi-do / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was designed to analyze and compare production management practices and labor productivity between conventional and commissary school foodservices and 46 dietitians of commissary school foodservices in Kyunggi-do. The response rates were 89.7% and 91.3%, respectively. The number of meals served was ranged from less than 100 to over 1,900 in conventional school foodservices and from 200 to 1,600 in commissary foodservices. Thirty three conventional foodservices(42.3%) produced less than 300 meals per day. Numbers of satellite school per central kitchen were ranged from 1 to 5 schools ; fifty percent of commissary foodservices have contained 3 satellite schools. Meals for satellite schools were transported between 11:00 a.m.and 12:00 a.m ; transportation time was from 10 to 90 minutes. Waiting time before service in satellite schools was between 10 minutes and 80 minutes. Part time employees supported by parents were hired in 37.3% of conventional and 50% of commissary school foodservices. Voluntary workers were supplied for 64.9% of conventional and 52.4% of commissary school foodservices. Labor productivity was calculated from work schedule. Labor productivity(labor minutes per meal)was lowest in foodservices with 101-4-- meals(8.48 min)was lower than that of foodservices with above 401 meals ; no significant differences were found among 401-700(6.02 min), 701-1,100(4.01 min), 1,101-1,500(3.41 min), and 1,501-1,900(3.15 min)meals in conventional foodservices. Labor minutes per meal of foodservices which served less than 400 meals(6.90 min) per day was significantly lower than those of foodservices which served 401-1,900 meal(3.41-4.92 min) in commissary foodservices(p<0.05)