The Changes of Corneal Endothelium in Rabbit according to Storage Temperature and Enucleation Time

PURPOSE: To evaluate corneal endothelial cell changes in Optisol-GS(R) according to enucleation time at different storage temperatures after death. METHODS: Eight rabbit cadavers (16 eyes) were stored at -3 degrees C and room temperature, and enucleation was performed 10 and 24 hours postmortem. The samples were divided into four groups (Group 1 was -3 degrees C, 10 hours, Group 2 was room temperature, 10 hours, Group 3 was -3 degrees C, 24 hours, and Group 4 was room temperature, 24 hours). The corneas were stored in Optisol-GS(R) at 4 degrees C, and we measured corneal endothelial cell density and thickness by specular microscopy on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 of preservation. RESULTS: The densities and thicknesses of corneal endothelial cells of each of the four groups after enucleation showed no significant difference. Corneal endothelial cell density acceptable for penetrating keratoplasty (CD>2500 cells/mm2) was found in groups 1 and 3 until 14 days, in group 2 until 10 days, and in group 4 until 7 days. In particular, eyes stored at -3 degrees C had less corneal endothelial cell loss than at room temperature after 7 days and 14 days (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that when rabbit cadavers were stored at -3 degrees C, corneas could be preserved in Optisol-GS(R) for 14 days, even if the eyeballs from which they were prepared were extracted within 24 hours postmortem. Within 24 hours postmortem, the storing temperature of the cadavers was found to be more important than the enucleation time for the survival of corneal endothelial cells.

Success Rate of Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy Based on the Location of the Lacrimal Sac

PURPOSE: We studied whether the illumination had an influence on the identification of the location of the lacrimal sac and the success rate of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). METHODS: Endoscopic endonasal DCR was performed on 85 eyes of 80 patients who had obstruction of nasolacrimal system without illumination. RESULTS: In all patients, identification of the location of the lacrimal sac by detecting the probe tip or the lacrimo-maxillary suture line was accomplished, without illumination. Final success rate was 87.1% in illuminator non-using group. CONCLUSIONS: We considered that endoscopic endonasal DCR without illumination, in the knowledge of lacrimal sac, ethmoid anatomy, and anatomical variations, was a non-invasive, efficient, and satisfactory method.

Blepharoptosis after Ocular Surgery and Aponeurosis Repair

PURPOSE: We retrospectively investigated the etiological factors and evaluated the surgical results of aponeurosis repair for blepharoptosis after ocular surgery. METHODS: We investigated the types of ocular surgery, anesthesia, and other etiological factors related with postoperative blepharoptosis for 20 eyes of 20 patients and evaluated MRD1 (Margin Reflex Distance 1), IPF (Interpalpebral Fissure) and levator function preoperatively and after levator aponeurosis repair surgery. RESULTS: Types of previous ocular surgery were cataract surgery (15 eyes), penetrating keratoplasty (2 eyes), retinal surgery (2 eyes) and panretinal photocoagulation using gonioscopic lens (1 eyes). 18 eyes had received ocular surgery with rigid type eye speculum and 18 eyes with retrobulbar anesthesia. Mean levator function measured preoperatively was good (12 mm). We found dehiscence or detachment of levator aponeurosis in surgical field and performed aponeurosis repair or advancement with correction 2 mm more than MRD1 of normal contralateral eye. Mean IPF and MRD1 were improved 6 months after aponeurosis repair (from 4 mm, -0.5 mm to 7 mm, 2 mm respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that blepharoptosis after ocular surgery can be induced by rigid type eye speculum, local anesthesia and various causes. Surgical findings of blepharoptosis after ocular surgery were dehiscence or detachment of levator aponeurosis and could be corrected by aponeurosis repair effectively.

Effects of Cataract Surgery on Diabetic Retinopathy

The course of diabetic retinopathy following cataract extraction was studied prospectively in 45 eyes of 33 diabetics for 4-50 weeks(average duration: 20 weeks). The results were as follows: 1. Twenty two(81.4%) of the 29 eyes with preoperative existence of diabetic retinopathy showed a statistically higher incidence of postoperative progression of diabetic retinopathy than eight(50%) of the 16 eyes with no pre-existing diabetic retinopathy(p0.05). 4. Nephropathy is the most common preoperative systemic disease and eighteen of the 19 eyes showed the postoperative progression of diabetic retinopathy. There was no statistically significant difference regarding fasting blood sugar, pp2hr, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, or the presence of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac disease, and anemia. The only significant difference was related to the presence of nephropathy(p<0.05).

Comparison of Color and Contrast Sensitivities Between UVCY(Non-Cyanoptic) and Conventional UV-AB IOLs

The non-cyanoptic, yellow colored posterior chamber intraocular lens (UVCY-IOL, HOYA, Japan) was specially designed to reduce the penetration of ultraviolet (UV) and short wave length visible light(400-500 nm) by adding yellow coloring dye(monomethin) for the pervention of aphakic or pseudophakic cyanopsia, and the obtaining closer color sensitivity and contrast sensitivity to the normal phakic eyes. In this study, we implanted both yellow colored IOLs in 16 eyes and conventional clear UV absorbing IOLs in 12 eyes. They were prospectively followed up for 6 months with questionairs asking subjective symptoms and with contrast s~nsitivity test in order to evaluate the color sensitivity and contrast sensitivity. The subjective symptoms of cyanopsia, photophobia, and glare were signi ficantly reduced in the UVCY-IOL group comparing to the conventional UVAB-IOL group. But in few cases of UVCY-IOL implantation(18.8%) were in episode transiently on xanthopsia with some dim state in early postop periods. The contrast sensitivity pattern of UVCY-IOL group was very similar to that of normal phakic group. The decrement of contrast sensitivity was less in UVCY-IOL group than in conventional UVAB-PCL group. The amount of decreased contrast sensitivity of UVCY-IOL group in scotopic condition was similar to that of conventional UVAB-IOL group. The result of this study suggests that yellow colored IOL is effective in decre asing cyanopsia and photophobia and in improving contrast sensitivity after cataract surgery especially in the early postoperative period. And also we recommend patients would receive UVCY-IOL implantations in both eyes if you have cataract on both eyes.