ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and factors related to daily activities in a representative Korean population. METHODS: This study was based on the questions about musculoskeletal symptoms in the Korean General Social Survey 2010. The questionnaire about musculoskeletal symptoms was adopted from Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency guide, and it includes general characteristics, characteristics of pain, work type, work intensity and a 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). We utilized the criteria of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to define the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Demographic, behavioral and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 38.3%. The prevalence was higher in females, the elderly, those without health insurance, and those with a low income, low education, and occupations with a heavy workload. The prevalence by body part was highest in the back, shoulder, and knee, in that order. The physical component summary and mental component summary of the SF-12 decreased with increasing musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal symptoms are very common in the general population, and related to various socio-demographic factors. These results suggest that active prevention and management of musculoskeletal symptoms is needed at a national level.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Activities of Daily Living , Asian People , Demography , Health Surveys , Logistic Models , Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Republic of Korea , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , WorkloadABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the acute effects of heat stress on body temperature and blood pressure of elderly individuals living in poor housing conditions. METHODS: Repeated measurements of the indoor temperature, relative humidity, body temperature, and blood pressure were conducted for 20 elderly individuals living in low-cost dosshouses in Seoul during hot summer days in 2010. Changes in the body temperature, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) according to variations in the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA controlling for age, sex, alcohol, and smoking. RESULTS: Average indoor and outdoor temperatures were 31.47degrees C (standard deviation [SD], 0.97degrees C) and 28.15degrees C (SD, 2.03degrees C), respectively. Body temperature increased by 0.21degrees C (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.26degrees C) and 0.07degrees C (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.10degrees C) with an increase in the indoor and outdoor temperature of 1degrees C. DBP decreased by 2.05 mmHg (95% CI, 0.05 to 4.05 mmHg), showing a statistical significance, as the indoor temperature increased by 1degrees C, while it increased by 0.20 mmHg (95% CI, -0.83 to 1.22 mmHg) as outdoor temperature increased by 1degrees C. SBP decreased by 1.75 mmHg (95% CI, -1.11 to 4.61 mmHg) and 0.35 mmHg (95% CI, -1.04 to 1.73 mmHg), as the indoor and outdoor temperature increased by 1degrees C, respectively. The effects of relative humidity on SBP and DBP were not statistically significant for both indoor and outdoor. CONCLUSIONS: The poor and elderly are directly exposed to heat waves, while their vital signs respond sensitively to increase in temperature. Careful adaptation strategies to climate change considering socioeconomic status are therefore necessary.