Effect of two methods of training, small sided game [SSG] and resistanceplyometric, on plasma level of Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in youth soccer players

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two concurrent resistance-plyometric and small sided game methods on pro-inflammatory in youth soccer players. 30 youth soccer players with a range of 14 to 17 years of age were divided randomly in three groups, SSG [n=8], resistance-plyometric [n=11] and control [n=11]. Height, weight, BMI and VO2max of the subjects were measured. The next day, blood samples from the anterior brachial vein of subjects were taken. The experimental groups participated in their exercise program [8 week, 2 sessions per week plus three current sessions]. All variables were measured again after 8 weeks. In order to compare data within groups' Dependent t-test was used and for comparison between groups Independent t-test was used by SPSS 17. The findings showed that after 8 weeks of SSG training plasma level of IL-6 and TNF-alpha increased significantly. The results in other groups did not show significant change [P>/=0.05]. SSG training can induce a catabolic environment in youth soccer players' body

HER-2/neu and E-cadherin expression and microsatellite instability in gastric dysplasia

Gastric dysplasia [GD] is a precursor lesion of gastric adeno-microsatellite instability [MSI] and the diffuse type is associated with down regulation of E-cadherin. HER-2/neu is over-expressed in some cases of gastric cancer. In this study, MSI and expression rates of HER-2/neu and E-cadherin in GD were evaluated. Paraffin blocks of 21 cases of low grade dysplasia [LD], 11 cases of high grade dysplasia [HD] and 25 cases of indefinite for dysplasia [ID] were collected. After deparaffinization and antigen retrieval, the sections were incubated with antibodies against E-cadherin, hMLH1, hMSH2 and HER-2/neu. The streptavidin-biotin complex method was used followed by peroxidase enzyme development with diaminobenzidine. HER-2/neu was positive in six cases of HD [50%], four LD [21%] and two ID [9%]. E-cadherin was absent in two cases of LD and showed normal expression in all HD and ID cases. hMLH1 expression was absent or markedly decreased only in the zones of dysplasia in HD [3/11], LD [3/21] and Id [4/25]. Absence or diminished expression of hMSH2 was seen in HD [3/11], LD [2/21] and ID [3/25] cases. HER-2/neu expression showed close association with diminished expression of hMLH1 or hMSH2 [p<0.05]. Stepwise increase in the expression rate of HER-2/neu was seen in ID, LD and HD cases implying its role in cancer evolution. The absence of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in GD may predispose individuals to over-expression of other oncogenes such as HER-2/neu. Abnormal of E-cadherin is not frequent finding in GD

[Evaluation of the association of NOD2 gene polymorphisms with the occurrence of GVHD in acute myelogenous leukemia patients]

Graft-versus-host disease [GVHD] is one of life-threatening post-transplantation complications. Several recent studies have described a significant correlation between transplantation outcome and three single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in the NOD2 gene. This study was conducted to evaluate the association of NOD2 gene polymorphisms with the occurrence of GVHD in acute myelogenous leukemia patients who underwent HSCT from their HLA-matched sibling donors. We examined retrospectively NOD2 genotypes by PCR-SSP both in 124 patients who underwent HSCT and in their donors; then, the association of the genetic polymorphisms on acute and chronic GVHD was evaluated. Median follow up of patients was 40 months [range of 28-77 months]. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square test and SPSS software. Mutation incidence were the same between donors and recipients as 12.1%. In three of the patient-donor pairs [2.4%] SNPs occurred in both resulting in an overall frequency of 21.8% in patient-donor pairs. There weren't any significant differences between aGVHD and cGVHD incidence rates when donor/recipient pairs with SNPs were compared with the pairs without SNPs. aGVHD and cGVHD incidence rates in the former pairs were 52% and 56% and in the latter pairs 50.5% and 55%, respectively. No impact of NOD2 SNPs on incidence of acute and chronic GVHD was observed. Further studies are required to ascertain whether the findings of this study can be extended to other disease groups. In addition, further studies are required to identify the relevance of other SNPs

[ study of knowledge and attitudes of relief workers located in Norouz rescue and relief bases of red crescent society of Mazandaran in 2010 towards relief subjects]

Regarding the significant role of trained and skillful relief workers in reducing losses caused by disasters, it is important to improve training programs qualitatively and quantitatively. So, this paper aims to determine knowledge and attitudes of relief workers in relief and rescue bases [fixed and mobile] at Norouz in 2010. In this descriptive-analytical study, 90 male relief workers of Red Crescent Society were selected at Norouz relief and rescue bases in Mazandaran province in 2010. Using a two-part questionnaire, some data was obtained as demographic information, knowledge and attitudes of relief workers. According to the results: the workers age average was 23/9 +/- 5/l years; the score average of general knowledge [from 20 points] was 17/6 +/- 4/9; the score average of public knowledge was [20 points] and professional [10 points] 12/4 +/- 3/6 and 5/3 +/- 1/8 respectively. Most relief workers [66/7%] had a moderate or very good knowledge and half of them had a very good attitude towards the whole training courses

[Survey of polyethylene glycol effects on serum electrolytes]

Colonoscopy and bowel preparation caused a number of serum electrolytes changes that may be dangerous in heart and kidney diseases and elderly patients. To determine the effect of serum electrolytes in patients who underwent colonoscopy and bowel preparation with PEG [Polyethylene Glycol] in Tehran Imam Khomeini hospital in 2008. Fifty nine patients who had been selected for elective colonoscopy after the detection of exclusion criteria were assessed prospectively. Serum level of sodium and potassium were analysed before bowel preparation with PEG [T[0], before colonoscopy T[1] and immediately after it T[2]. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were measured just before and after PEG. Four patients [6.8%] did not follow the research protocol and were excluded. Four patients [6.8%] developed hyponatremia in T[1] that continued in T[2]. There were no significant differences in prevalence of Hyponatremia and means of sodium serum levels in T[0], T[1] and T[2]. Although there was a significant trend to decreased means of potassium levels of T[2] versus T[1] [P<0.01], but the maximum prevalence of Hypakalemia was in T[1] [10.9%] with only 3.8% new Hypokaliemia in T[2] and there was no significant difference. The prevalence of Hypocalcemia after PEG was 24% but there was no significant decrease. 36% of patients developed Hypophosphatemia after PEG preparation with a significant decrease in mean of serum Phosphorus level [P<0.05]. There was no significant relationship between electrolytes changes with age and sex. The serum electrolyte changes showed that preparation with PEG is a risk factor for development of Hypophosphatemia Colonoscopy and preparation with PEG may cause a significant decrease in potassium serum level

[Relationship between ADPKD and post renal transplant diabetes mellitus]

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease [ADPKD], a common hereditary disease, is characterized by the progressive development and enlargement of multiple cysts in both kidneys, and typically resulting in end stage renal disease [ESRD] by the fifth decade of life. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus [PTDM], a common complication after transplantation with an incidence rate of 2.5-20%, is associated with poor graft and patient survival. In few studies, PTDM has been more frequent in ADPKD transplanted patients. In the present study, we investigated whether there is any association between PTDM and ADPKD in our patients. In this prospective study, 140 non-diabetic and nonsmoker successfully transplanted patients [27 ADPKD and 113 non ADPKD patients] were enrolled during three years. Both groups were matched for age, sex, body mass index [BMI], duration of renal replacement therapy before transplantation and also immunosuppressive protocols after transplant. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus was defined as Clinical Practice Guidelines advocated by Canadian Diabetes Association. All patients were followed for 12 months. PTDM occurred in 11.1% of ADPKD patients and in 13.1% of control group which was statistically insignificant [P > 0.05]. The development of PTDM in ADPKD group was not related to sex, age, and hypertension, duration of renal replacement therapy before transplantation, BMI and serum creatinine levels [P > 0.05]. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus appears not to be associated with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease as an etiology of end stage renal disease