Role of pathology in nasopharyngeal cancer

Nasopharyngeal cancers account for 45% of all ear -nose and throat cancers at the National Institute of Oncology [cancer registry]. Carcinomas are by far the most frequent with the particularity of being tightly linked to the presence of Epstein-barr virus, sensitive to radiation therapy and lymphophilic revealed by cervical masses in 40% of the cases. A precise and reliable anatomo pathological diagnosis is therefore manasatory before intiating any treatment. Methods and The authors report the results of histopathologic techniques [routine and special stains immunohistochemistry] in the diagnosis of 143 biopsies of the rhinopharynx with a frequency of undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx [UCNT]. All biopsies of suspicion of relapse were inflammatory corresponding to mycotic inflammation in half of the cases. A special emphasis is made on the conclusive contribution of in situ hybridization on paraffin sections in positive and differential diagnosis with regard to the results described in the litterature. Therefore, in the particular context of nasopharynx cancer-frequent in our country, sensitive to radiation therapy but with possible relapses-, the authors emphasise on the specific utility, besides basic and special stainings and immunohistochemistry, of in stiu hybridization of paraffin sections, to search for the presence of Epstein-barr virus particles in tumoral cells. This technique should, indeed, be used as reliable routine technique allowing positive diagnosis of relapses and differential diagnosis in the cases of cervical masses without a known primary site and an extensive cancer of the rhinopharyngeal and sinonasal regions

HPV typing and cervical cancer screening: results of Moroccan critical study

Cancer of the uterine cervix, the second most frequent cancer after breast cancer in Morocco, is closely linked to several types of Human Papilloma Virus [HPV] especially the potentially oncogenic types 16 and 18 mostly found in high grade precancerous lesions and uterine cervix cancer. In the Bethesda cytological classification, HPV infection and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade I [CIN 1] are classified as Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions [LSIL] whereas CIN 2 and CIN 3 are considered High grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions [HSIL]. The cytologic diagnosis of HPV infection on cervical Pap smears relies on the association of several criteria of which koilocytosis is considered specific of HPV infection. Colposcopy and direct biopsies are therefore necessary to cofirm the diagnosis. Nevertheless, since the introduction of HPV typing in uterine cervix cancer screening, koilocytosis is disregarded as a necessary criteria for the diagnosis of HPV infection. The authors report the results of a study which corroborate this statement and correlate histopathology and HPV typing of benign lesions collected at our institution [INO]. Guidelines for follow-up are also discussed according to the data in the literature

tumeurs du testicule etude anatomopathologique [a propos de 3 cas]

The testicular tumors are uncommon tumors occurring in the young adult [75% being diagnosed between 20 and 40 years]. Germ cell tumors represent 90% of all testicular tumors. The pathological study of extended orchidectomies specimen allows to differentiate between the seminomatous and non seminomatous germ cell tumors, criterion considered in the therapeutical management, and to select the main histoprognostic features for the post operative management of the testicular tumors, especially the non seminomatous germ cell ones. This pathologic study of 30 testicular tumors seen at Ibn Sina Hospital from 1984 to 1993 was conducted in this way. 84% of germ cell tumors, of which 43% being typical seminomas were found to be present. The non germ cell tumors represented 10% of the cases. The testicular primitive malignant lymphomas were encountered in two cases [6%]. Based on the literature data, the authors discuss here the anatomoclinical and histoprognostic features of these tumors

Approche diagnostique des neoplasies cervicales intra-epitheliales

The dysplasias, defined as disorders of cellular maturation and differentiation are regrouped at present under the concept of cervical intra epithelial neoplasia, which is considered as a continuous developing lesioned process, preceding the appearance of invasive cancer. The human papilloma virus, involved widely in the genesis of these lesions, will facilitate by synergic action with other initiations factors their evolution to the invasive cancer. It's a frequent pathology whose detection always relies on the cervical cytology. The diagnosis of certainty is based, at all events, on the histological test of orientated biopsies by colposcopy. The endocol exploration is, in some cases, essential for a complete test of the lesions. So, in case of deep cervical lesions, only the conisation will bring the solution with a maximal precision

Helicobacter pylori and gastritis

In retrospective study, we searched for Helicobacter pylon in 134 gastri biopsy [antral one are more fraquent than fundus biopsy]. We used for this, two histological technique method, the first one is hematoxylin eosin saffron [HES] and the second is the Giemsa coloration. This last one was simply for use, economic system and gived excellent results in H.P. find. In our study, presence of H.P. is noted with frequency equal to 65,6%. The association of H.P. find and chronic active gastritis was noted in 65,95% that's was concorded with litterature reports