ABSTRACT
Introduction: Assertiveness skills provides strategies for handling conflict, communicating assertively and developing relationships that can be applied both at work and in your personal life. The aim of this study was to study the effects of assertiveness training skills on the assertive and self-esteem male students of secondary schools
Method: This study was experimental study before and after control group test. The participants of this research were selected form 30 students in secondary school in Khoramabad city 2012-2013. Data gathering was used via Cooper Smith Self Esteem Inventory [CSEI] and Assertiveness Self Report Inventory [ASRI]. The experimental group was given 8 sessions' weekly education assertiveness training skills. The control group did not receive intervention. In order to, explore the effects of assertiveness training skills on assertiveness and self-esteem among participants. For analyses the data were tested by t-test and covariate [ANCOVA]
Results: The results from ANCOVA Test revealed that assertiveness training group therapy increases self-esteem and the assertiveness training skills in experimental group. [P<0.001]
Conclusion: The educational assertiveness training and other social skills training are recommend in all students group to prevent mental disorder and help promote students mental health in youth community
ABSTRACT
Scorpion stings have accounted for 10-15% of all bites for many decades. Scorpions sting is a significant medical problem in the middle east area, specially in the underdeveloped tropical countries. Scorpion stings cause a wide range of sign and asymptoms. The aim a of this study is to assess the present clinical management of scorpion bits in Jahrom city This prospective study was conducted between 1380-82 and a total of 63 cases of scorpin stings referring to health center were studied. The data included demographic information and first aid managements were conducted by health persons in referral cantros [nurses or doctors]. A total of 63 victims were studied [30 male and 33 famale with a mean age of [23.8 +/- 15.1]. The upper 50.8% and lower extremities 33.3% were the most common site of the bite. The most common and systemic symptom were pain [%88.9] and anxiety [68.3%] respectively. Other significant symptoms included, cardiovascular problems system with palpitation [46%] and respiratory problems [58.7%]. Males had more respiratory problems [p=0.017]. The majority of victims received local closure, and immobilization as first aid. The most common prescribed drugs were analgesics [82.5%] and antihistamine,[74.6%] and specific drugs for cardiac problems such as nifidipin or atropine. Based on the results, it seems that scorpion sting in this area does not lead to severe life threatening effects. Except anaphylactic shock. Another significant finding of the present study is low knowledge of our health personnel about management of scorpion stings. Finally, it is important to continue similar studies for better evaluation of various types of scorpions and their symptoms in the area
ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration [BMD] of bone tissue. This leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture, particularly of the hip, spine and wrist.This study was performed to assess the relation between calcium intake and bone densitometry values.This was a descriptive study to verify the relation between BMD and calcium intake. The study was carried out on 250 women who did not have the history of any metabolic diseases or estroidalintake wereenroled in this study. The individuals were matched for sex, age, BMI and hormonal intake. Data were obtained using a two part questionaire containing demographic information and a table of consumed daily food including the amount of daily calcium intake. The optimal calcium intake 1200 mg/day and in bone mineral densitometry, t score <1SD was considered as osteopenia and t score <2/5 SD was defined as osteoporosis. Data were analysed by chisquare test, Mann-Witney and Kruskal-Wallis test.Although most of patients were in post menopausal stage [56.4%] but daily calcium intake of 89.3% of them was lower than 1200 mg. Positive significant relation between daily calcium intake and education was obtained [p=0.02], wheras, in housewife womens, there were low calcium product in daily dietary intake. There was a significant realation between bone density values of hip and lumboscral area and the daily calcium intake [p<0.05].Acording to the results of this research and due to the effects of calcium effects intake on bone density and prevention of osteoporosis in elderly stage, we suggest wide teaching and information in general papulation with aim of improving dietry calcium