Outcome of pigs with short gut syndrome submitted to orthotopic intestinal transplantation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the current model of small bowel resection and intestinal transplantation in pigs. METHODS: Forty two Large White pigs were distributed in five groups: G1(n=6), G2(n=6) and G3(n=6) were submitted to 80%,100% and 100% plus right colon resection respectively and G4(n=7) and G5(n=5) to 100% SBR plus IT without and with immunosuppression based on Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic acid. Evaluation included weight control, clinical status, biochemical analysis and endoscopies for graft biopsies. Follow-up in G1 and 2 was 84 days, while in G3, four and five was ± three weeks. RESULTS: G1 increased weight suggesting adaptation while G2 and 3 loused weight and inadequate adaptation. G4 and 5 died of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and sepses respectively. Overall survival in G1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 at 30 days was 100, 100, 0 and 20 %, respectively. Medium survival in G4 and 5 was 14 and 16 days. CONCLUSIONS: The resection of 80% of small intestine in pigs is not suitable for short bowel syndrome induction. Intestinal transplantation with the proposed immunosuppression protocol was effective in prevent the occurrence of severe acute rejection, but inappropriate to increase recipients survival. .

Intestinal healing in rats submitted to ethanol ingestion / Cicatrização intestinal em ratos submetidos à ingestão de etanol

PURPOSE: To study the effect of alcoholism on intestinal healing and postoperative complications in rats METHODS: One hundred and sixty rats were divided into two groups: control and treated. The control group received water and the treated group 30 percent ethanol. After 180 days, colotomy with anastomosis were performed. After, the groups were divided into four subgroups: 20 rats for study at the following moments: 4th, 7th, 14th and 21st postoperative. The analyzed parameters were: weight gain, breaking strength, tissue hydroxyproline, postoperative complications and histopathological study RESULTS: Weight gain was greater in the control group (p<0.05). When all the subgroups were clustered, breaking strength was significantly greater in the control (p<0.05). Histopathology and hydroxyproline dosage did not show differences. There were five surgical site infections in the treated group while the control group showed two (p>0.05). Nine fistulas occurred in the treated group whereas the control group two (p<0.05). There were three deaths in the control group and seven in the treated group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Treated group undergo a malnutrition process that is revealed by lower weight gain. Impaired intestinal healing as indicated by smaller breaking strength. There were a larger number of postoperative complications in the treated animals.

OBJETIVO: Estudar o efeito do alcoolismo no processo de cicatrização intestinal e suas complicações pós-operatórias em ratos. MÉTODOS: Cento e sessenta ratos foram divididos em dois grupos: tratado e controle. O controle recebeu água, enquanto o tratado etanol a 30 por cento. Após 180 dias foram realizadas colotomia, seguida de anastomose. Após os animais foram divididos em quatro subgrupos de 20 ratos para estudo nos seguintes momentos: 4º, 7º, 14º e 21º pós-operatório. Os parâmetros analisados foram: ganho de peso, força de ruptura, hidroxiprolina tecidual, complicações pós-operatórias e estudo histopatológico. RESULTADOS: O ganho de peso foi superior no grupo controle (p<0,05). Após agrupamento dos momentos a força de ruptura foi superior no controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferença quanto à histopatologia e hidroxiprolina. Houve cinco infecções de incisão no grupo tratado, enquanto no controle ocorreram duas (p>0,05). Houve nove fístulas no grupo tratado, enquanto no controle duas (p<0,05). Ocorreram sete mortes no grupo tratado e apenas três no controle (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: No grupo tratado ocorreu um processo de subnutrição evidenciado pelo menor ganho de peso. Piora na cicatrização intestinal, indicada pela menor força de ruptura. Ocorreu um maior número de complicações pós-operatórias no grupo tratado.

Transplante multivisceral em suínos: modelo de pesquisa e treinamento / Multivisceral transplantation in pigs: a model for research and training

Objective: To present a model for research and training in multivisceral transplantation in pigs. Methods: Eight Large White pigs (four donors and four recipients) were operated. The multivisceral transplant with stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver and intestine was performed similarly to transplantation in humans with a few differences, described below. Anastomoses were performed as follows: end-to-end from the supra-hepatic vena cava of the graft to the recipient juxta diaphragmatic vena cava; end-to-end from the infra-hepatic vena cava of the graft to the inferior (suprarenal) vena cava of the recipient; and endto- side patch of the aorta of the graft to the infrarenal aorta of the recipient plus digestive reconstruction. Results: The performance of the multivisceral transplantion was possible in all four animals. Reperfusions of the multivisceral graft led to a severe ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, despite flushing of the graft. The animals presented with hypotension and the need for high doses of vasoactive drugs, and all of them were sacrificed after discontinuing these drugs. Conclusion: Some alternatives to minimize the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, such as the use of another vasoactive drug, use of a third pig merely for blood transfusion, presence of an anesthesia team in the operating room, and reduction of the graft, will be the next steps to enable experimental studies.

Objetivo: Apresentar um modelo de pesquisa e treinamento em transplante multivisceral em suínos. Métodos: Oito porcos da raça Large White (quatro doadores e quatro receptores) foram operados. O transplante multivisceral com estômago, duodeno, pâncreas, fígado e intestino foi realizado a semelhança do transplante em seres humanoscom algumas diferenças descritas a seguir. Foram realizadas as anastomoses de veia cava supra-hepática do enxerto com a veia cava do receptor justa diafragmática término-terminal, veia cava infrahepática do enxerto com a veia cava inferior (suprarrenal) do receptor término-terminal e patch da aorta do enxerto com a aorta infrarrenal do receptor término-lateral e reconstrução digestiva. Resultados: Foi possível a realização do transplante multivisceral nos quatro animais. A reperfusão do enxerto multivisceral levou a uma grave síndrome de isquemia-reperfusão, apesar do flush do enxerto. Os animais apresentaram hipotensão com necessidade de drogas vasoativas em altas doses, sendo todos sacrificados com a retirada dessas drogas. Conclusão: Alternativas para minimizar a síndrome de isquemiareperfusão, como o uso de mais de uma droga vasoativa, uso de um terceiro porco apenas para transfusão sanguínea, presença de umaequipe de anestesia na sala de cirurgia e redução do enxerto, serão os próximos passos para possibilitar estudos experimentais.

O uso do pneumoperitônio progressivo no pré-operatório das hérnias volumosas da parede abdominal / Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum in voluminous abdominal wall hernias

CONTEXTO: A correção das hérnias volumosas e dos grandes defeitos da parede abdominal constitui grande desafio da prática cirúrgica, em virtude das dificuldades técnicas e do alto índice de complicações respiratórias e cardiovasculares. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar experiência com a indução do pneumoperitônio progressivo no pré-operatório do tratamento cirúrgico das hérnias volumosas da parede abdominal. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de seis pacientes que apresentavam hérnias volumosas da parede abdominal, e que foram operados após a instalação de um pneumoperitônio. O procedimento foi realizado através da colocação de um cateter na cavidade abdominal, na altura do hipocôndrio esquerdo, com insuflação de ar ambiente por período de 10 a 15 dias. RESULTADOS: Dos seis pacientes operados, quatro eram do sexo feminino e dois do masculino. A idade mínima era de 40 e a máxima de 62 anos. A duração da hérnia variou de 5 a 40 anos. Quatro pacientes tinham hérnia incisional, um umbilical e outro inguinal. O tempo médio de pneumoperitônio foi de 11,6 dias. Não houve complicações relacionadas à instalação e manutenção do pneumoperitônio. Todas as hérnias foram corrigidas sem dificuldades técnicas. Utilizou-se a técnica de Lichtenstein para a correção da hérnia inguinal, a transposição peritônio-aponeurótica para uma das hérnias incisionais, sendo as demais corrigidas com uso de tela de polipropileno. Um óbito e uma infecção de parede foram observados no pós-operatório dessas cirurgias. Não houve recidivas registradas até o momento, num período de seguimento de 4 a 36 meses. CONCLUSÃO: O pneumoperitônio progressivo pré-operatório é um procedimento seguro e de fácil execução, pois facilita o procedimento cirúrgico e diminui as complicações respiratórias e cardiovasculares no pós-operatório. É indicado para doentes com hérnias que perderam domicílio na cavidade abdominal.

CONTEXT: Correction of voluminous hernias and large abdominal wall defects is a big challenge in surgical practice due to technical difficulties and the high incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVES: To present the authors experience with inducing progressive pneumoperitoneum preoperative to surgical treatment of voluminous hernias of the abdominal wall. METHODS: Retrospective study of six patients who presented voluminous hernias of the abdominal wall and were operated after installation of a pneumoperitoneum. The procedure was performed by placing a catheter in the abdominal cavity at the level of the left hypochondrium with ambient air insufflation for 10 to 15 days. RESULTS: Four of the six patients were female and two male. Ages ranged from 42 to 62 years. Hernia duration varied from 5 to 40 years. Four patients had incisional, one umbilical, and one inguinal hernias. Mean pneumoperitoneum time was 11.6 days. There were no complications related to pneumoperitoneum installation and maintenance. All hernias were corrected without technical difficulties. The Lichtenstein technique was used to correct the inguinal hernia, peritoneal aponeurotic transposition for one of the incisional hernias, with the rest corrected using polypropylene mesh. One death and one wall infection were observed post operatively. No recurrences were reported until now, in 4 to 36 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum is a safe and easy executed procedure, which simplifies surgery and reduces post-operative respiratory and cardiovascular complications. It is indicated for patients with hernias that have lost the right of domain in the abdominal cavity.

Conveniencia de la cirugía ambulatoria en proctología. Análisis retrospectivo de 1031 casos / Ambulatory surgery in proctology: retrospective analysis of 1 031 cases

Introducción: El número de cirugías ambulatorias realizadas en hospitales, como en clínicas particulares, crece a cada día. Este aumento se ha observado principalmente en las últimas dos décadas. En muchos países, como Francia, predominan las cirugías ambulatorias sobre las hospitalarias. Objetivo: Evaluar retrospectivamente 1031 casos de pacientes operados en el Servicio de Cirugía Ambulatoria del H.C. de la Facultad de Medicina de Botucatu. Material y método: Fueron estudiados retrospectivamente 1031 casos clínicos de patologías orificiales operados en el servicio, se analizó la distribución por grupo etario, sexo, patologías y complicaciones posoperatorias. Resultados: Hemos notado predominio de pacientes con edad inferior a los 45 años (56.6%), discreta prevalencia del sexo masculino (51.2%), que la enfermedad hemorroidaria (60%) es la principal afección y el dolor y el sangrado las intercurrencias más frecuentes (3.2%). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los procedimientos ambulatorios en proctología pueden ser realizados de forma sistemática y segura, a bajo costo, con pocas complicaciones y ventajas en relación con los procedimientos realizados en régimen de internación hospitalaria.

Introduction: The number of ambulatory surgeries accomplished in hospitals, as in private clinics, grows eachday, with this increase having been observed principallyin the last two decades. In many countries, such as France, ambulatory surgeries have predominated in relation tothose in hospitals. Objective: To evaluate retrospectively1 031 cases of patients operated on in the Ambulatory Surgery Service of C.H. in the School of Medicine at Botucatu. Material and method: Retrospectively, 1 031clinical cases of orificial pathologies operated on in the service were studied, analyzing the distribution by agegroup, sex, pathologies and postoperative complications. Result: We note predominance of patients aged less than45 years (56.6%), discrete prevalence of males (51.2%), with hemorrhoidal disease (60%) being the principalaffliction, with pain and bleeding being the most frequent complications (3.2%). Conclusions: The results obtained demonstrate that ambulatory procedures in proctologycan be accomplished in a safe and systematic manner at low cost with advantages and fewer complications in relation to procedures completed in a hospitalizationregime.

Proposal of a new technique for bile duct reconstruction after iatrogenic injury: study in dogs and review of the literature

PURPOSE: Interposition of a jejunal tube between the common bile duct and duodenum. METHODS: Five adult mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing on average 22.3 kg (18 to 26.5 kg), were used. Obstructive jaundice was induced by ligation of the distal common bile duct. After one week, a 2.5-cm long jejunal tube was fabricated from a segment of the loop removed 15 cm from the Treitz angle and interposed between the common bile duct and duodenum. RESULTS: The animals presented good clinical evolution and no complications were observed. After 6 weeks, complete integration was noted between the bile duct mucosa, tube and duodenum and a significant reduction in total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase was observed when compared to the values obtained one week after ligation of the common bile duct. CONCLUSION: The jejunal tube interposed between the dilated bile duct and duodenum showed good anatomic integration and reduced total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels in the animals studied.

OBJETIVO: Interposição de um tubo de jejuno entre o colédoco e o duodeno. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados cinco cães adultos, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos, com peso médio de 22,3 Kg (18 e 26,5 Kg). Após provocar icterícia obstrutiva pela ligadura do colédoco distal, após uma semana, praticou-se confecção do tubo de jejuno de 2,5 cm de extensão, que foi realizado com um segmento de alça retirado a 15 cm do ângulo de Treitz e a interposição do tubo entre o colédoco e o duodeno. RESULTADOS: Os animais tiveram boa evolução clínica e não apresentaram complicações. Notou-se total integração entre a mucosa da via biliar, do tubo e do duodeno e redução significativa dos valores da bilirrubina total e da fosfatase alcalina após seis semanas, quando comparado com os valores após uma semana de ligadura do colédoco. CONCLUSÃO: O tubo de jejuno interposto entre a via biliar dilatada e o duodeno, apresentou boa integração anatômica e reduziu os níveis de bilirrubina total e fosfatase alcalina dos animais estudados.

Tumor de Frantz (neoplasia epitelial papilar e cistica do pâncreas): relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Frantz's tumor (cystic and papillary epithelial neoplasia of the pancreas): a case report and literature review

O tumor de Frantz é neoplasia rara do pâncreas, existindo pouco mais de 450 casos relatados na literatura mundial. Este tipo de tumor, possui, em geral, baixa malignidade e apresenta maior incidência em faixa etária jovem e no sexo feminino. Objetivo - apresentar um caso típico, enfatizando o valor do diagnóstico correto e revisão da literatura existente / Frantz's tumor is a rare pancreatic tumor, with only 450 cases related in world literatura. Aim - to present a typical Frant'z tumor case and broad literatura review, emphasizing the value of corret diagnosis once malignant...

Factors affecting hemodynamic changes after reperfusion in liver transplantation

Background: The aim this retrospective study was to determine if the duration of cold ans warm ischemia times is related to the extent of these disturbances and also to identify other factores related to recipient's condition which may affect the severity of post reperfusion syndrome. Patients and methods: The authors studied the factors affecting hemodynamic changes after reperfusion in sixty-one patients submitted to liver transplantation at the University of Miami (Jackson Memorial Hospital) during the investigation period (August 1998-january 1999). The hemodynamic parameters monitored were heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), venous oxygen saturation (SVO2) and ASA status. All parameters were evaluted in three specific times: after skin incision (baseline, T1), 10 min. before reperfusion (T2), and 10 min. after reperfusion (T3). The statistical analyses were t-test for independent samples and ANOVA test. Results: All parameters changed significantly (p<0.0001) at T1 T2 and T3. No correlation was found between cold warm ischemia times and any of hemodynamic in our study and no correlation was found between gender and those parameters . Age was significantly correlated with the MAP at T2. MAP was decreased in older patients at T2. HR, MAP, CVP, PAP and CVO2 were significantly correlated with ASA classification (p<0,000033). Conclusions: No significant effects of cold and warm ischemia times on the hemodynamic intraoperative condition of the ILT were found. Furthermore, patients with a high ASA status were shown to b e at an increased risk of cardiovascular collapse after reperfusion