Quality assessment of screening for neonatal inherited metabolic disease in Chaoyang District from 2012 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective @#To evaluate the quality of neonatal inherited metabolic diseases screening in Chaoyang District, Beijing Municipality from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide insights into improvements in the screening quality and efficiency of neonatal inherited metabolic diseases. @*Methods@#Data pertaining to screening of neonatal inherited metabolic disease in Chaoyang District from 2012 to 2021 were captured from Beijing Center for Neonatal Disease Screening. The percentage of screening, eligible rate of blood smears collection, re-examination rate of suspected cases, and definitive diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were analyzed to evaluate the quality of neonatal inherited metabolic diseases screening in Chaoyang District.@*Results@#There were 484 002 live neonates in Chaoyang District from 2012 to 2021, and 481 395 neonates were screened for inherited metabolic diseases, with a screening rate of 99.46% and 99.71% eligible rate of blood smears collection. A total of 4 305 suspected positive cases were screened, including 4 148 cases recalled for re-examinations, with a 96.35% re-examination rate of suspected cases, and the re-examination rates of CH, PKU and CAH were 96.37%, 96.79% and 95.65%, respectively. Totally 482 neonates were definitively diagnosed with inherited metabolic diseases, with an overall incidence rate of 1/999, and the incidence rates of CH (307 cases), hyperthyrotropinemia (103 cases), PKU (66 cases) and CAH (6 cases) were 1/1 568, 1/4 674, 1/7 294 and 1/20 233, respectively.@*Conclusions@#The screening rate and re-examination rate of neonatal inherited metabolic diseases was both more than 95% in Chaoyang District from 2012 to 2021. Improving the management of neonatal inherited metabolic diseases screening and the recall of suspected cases is required.

Effectiveness of induction therapy with exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn's disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To evaluate the effectiveness of induction therapy with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 62 children with CD who received EEN in Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from March 2013 to August 2021. The medical data included general information and height, weight, Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum albumin level before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment. The changes in the above indicators were compared before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Among the 62 children with CD, there were 39 boys (63%) and 23 girls (37%), with a mean age of (11.9±3.0) years at diagnosis. Among the 55 children who completed EEN treatment for at least 8 weeks, 48 (87%) achieved clinical remission at week 8. PCDAI at week 8 was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.001). Except for 17 children with involvement of the small intestine alone and 3 children with involvement of the colon who did not receive colonoscopy reexamination, the remaining 35 children with involvement of the colon received colonoscopy reexamination after the 8-week EEN treatment. Of the 35 children, 29 (83%) achieved mucosal healing. As for the 48 children who achieved clinical remission at week 8, there were significant improvements in height-for-age Z-score and body mass index-for-age Z-score at week 8 (P<0.01). As for the 7 children who did not achieve clinical remission at week 8, there were no significant changes in height-for-age Z-score and body mass index-for-age Z-score at week 8 (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The 8-week EEN treatment has a good effect on clinical remission and mucosal healing in children with CD. For the children with CD achieving clinical remission, EEN can improve their height and body mass index.

Efficacy of nutrition support therapy in children with chronic diarrhea / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of nutrition support therapy in children with chronic diarrhea.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 48 children with chronic diarrhea who were hospitalized between July 2012 and July 2014. These children were divided into <1 year group (27 children) and ≤1 year group (21 children). Twenty-seven of these patients, who had malnutrition, were divided into enteral nutrition (EN) group (10 children), partial parenteral nutrition (PPN)+EN group (16 children), and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) group (1 child). The therapeutic process and outcome were compared between different age groups and children receiving different treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 48 children, short bowel syndrome, viral enteritis, a history of intestinal surgery, and malabsorption syndrome were common causes of chronic diarrhea, and 24 children (50%) had unknown causes. In the aspect of nutritional assessment on admission, the <1 year group had a significantly higher proportion of children with moderate underweight than the ≤1 year group (P<0.05). In the EN group, the BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ) increased from -2.2±1.5 before treatment to -1.8±1.0 (P=0.040), and the energy supplied increased from 46±17 kcal/kg per day before treatment to 83±32 kcal/kg per day (P=0.012). In the PPN+EN group, the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) increased from -3.3±2.0 before treatment to -2.8±1.8 (P=0.044), and BAZ increased from -2.8±1.4 before treatment to -2.0±1.4 (P=0.012). There was only 1 child in the TPN group, whose symptoms of diarrhea were relieved after treatment. Among 27 children receiving nutritional therapy, 4 were not improved, and the other children achieved remission of symptoms and improvements in nutritional status.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Besides etiological treatment, nutrition support therapy can be applied as part of multimodality therapy in children with chronic diarrhea. This can effectively improve nutritional status and relieve the symptoms of diarrhea.</p>

Optimization of Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme production by statistical experimental methods / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Thrombus disease, one of the common cardiovascular diseases, has attracted worldwide attention for its rising mortality and morbidity. Due to the distinct shortages of current fibrinolytic drugs, new fibrinolytic agents warrant investigation. In this study, 8 fibrinolytic enzyme-producing strains were isolated from Douchi-a traditional Chinese food, and strain XY-1 which produced the largest amount of the enzyme was chosen for the following experiments. The enzyme produced by strain XY-1 was named Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme (DFE). We optimized the liquid culture medium of strain XY-1 for enzyme production using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. The predicted maximal DFE yield was 19.78 FU/mL with 11.4 g/L peptone, 0.5 g/L magnesium sulfate and 1 g/L sodium chloride. However, we acquired maximal production of 21.33 FU/mL in actual experiments, equal to 107.84% of the theoretical value, and the yield had been increased by 79.55% as compared to the yield of un-optimized culture. It was demonstrated that the combined use of Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology in fermentation optimization can effectively and rapidly increase DFE production.

Optimization of Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme production by statistical experimental methods / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Thrombus disease, one of the common cardiovascular diseases, has attracted worldwide attention for its rising mortality and morbidity. Due to the distinct shortages of current fibrinolytic drugs, new fibrinolytic agents warrant investigation. In this study, 8 fibrinolytic enzyme-producing strains were isolated from Douchi-a traditional Chinese food, and strain XY-1 which produced the largest amount of the enzyme was chosen for the following experiments. The enzyme produced by strain XY-1 was named Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme (DFE). We optimized the liquid culture medium of strain XY-1 for enzyme production using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. The predicted maximal DFE yield was 19.78 FU/mL with 11.4 g/L peptone, 0.5 g/L magnesium sulfate and 1 g/L sodium chloride. However, we acquired maximal production of 21.33 FU/mL in actual experiments, equal to 107.84% of the theoretical value, and the yield had been increased by 79.55% as compared to the yield of un-optimized culture. It was demonstrated that the combined use of Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology in fermentation optimization can effectively and rapidly increase DFE production.

Effects of the Three Gorges project and change of water level on local mouse density / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the impacts of the Three Gorges dam and change of water level on the survival of the local rodents, and to provide scientific basis to control the outbreak of rodent-borne diseases.Methods Four villages located around the Three Gorges dam were selected in the study. The mouse populations by using Elton night trapping method was monitored. Metallic spring traps were set for two consecutive nights. The mouse density and identified the mouse species was calculated. The mouse species indoor and outdoor, as well as the mouse density indoor and outdoor were compared. The impacts of water level in the dam and cleaning work on local mouse density were also analyzed. Results A total of 678 mice were caught in this study, 517 were caught indoor and 161 outdoor. Indoor dominant species was flavipectus; accounting for 36.49%(189/517), while outdoor was apodemus, reaching 56.88% (91/161). For mouse species, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 678.00, P ＜ 0.01 ). The average mouse density was 8.44%(678/8036) in trap nights. Indoor mouse density reached 14.44%(517/3581 ), which was significantly higher than that of outdoor(3.61%, 161/4455 ).For mouse density, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 301.04, P ＜ 0.01 ). When the water level was up to 156 m, mouse density reached 10%(513/5132), which was higher than that of before (5.68%, 165/2904). There was a significant difference in mouse density before and after reserving water (x2 = 44.68, P ＜ 0.01 ). With the change of water level, upstream mouse density formed a high platform from May 2007 to May 2008, followed by 12.25%(80/653), 13.16%(90/684), 12.95%(90/695), and decreased to 8.38%(28/334) after cleaning of the dam. Conclusions The Three Gorges dam and change of water level actually alter the survival environment of the local mouse, and affect local mouse density and mouse species. These may lead to local outbreak or epidemic of rodent-borne diseases.

Correlation of human resistin gene expression with leukemia incidence / 中国实验血液学杂志

Although the effect of mouse resistin on insulin-resistance has been well defined, but the biological function of human resistin is still unknown. This study was aimed to explore the possible physiological and pathological effects of human resistin, as well as the tissue distribution of human resistin and correlation of resistin gene expression with leukemia incidence. 152 leukemia patients without inflammatory complication and 100 healthy persons were selected as experimental and control groups respectively. The blood samples were collected, the total RNA was extracted, the expression distribution of resistin in different tissues was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and then the statistical analysis was carried out. The results indicated that the expression of the human resistin gene was detected in normal fetus liver, adult bone marrow and umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood cells, while the resistin gene could not be amplified in fat, umbilical cord, placenta and adult liver. The resistin expression was detected in 21% leukemia patients and 27% healthy persons. The difference of the resistin gene expression between the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). It is concluded that the higher expression of resistin exists in normal human fetus liver, adult bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood cells, which indicates that the distribution of human resistin correlates with normal hematopoiesis in certain extent, but its expression level and rate may not correlate with the incidence of leukemia.

Removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutants from water using seeding type immobilized microorganisms / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the possibility of removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutants using seeding type immobilized microorganisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lakes P and M in Wuhan were chosen as the objects to study the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutants with the seeding type immobilized microorganisms. Correlations between the quantity of heterotrophic bacteria and the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC) in the two lakes were studied. The dominant bacteria were detected, inoculated to the sludge and acclimated by increasing nitrogen, phosphorus and decreasing carbon source in an intermittent, time-controlled and fixed-quantity way. The bacteria were then used to prepare the seeding type immobilized microorganisms, selecting diatomite as the adsorbent carrier. The ability and influence factors of removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic pollutant from water samples by the seeding type immobilized microorganisms were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The coefficients of the heterotrophic bacterial quantity correlated with TOC, TP, and TN were 0.9143, 0.8229, 0.7954 in Lake P and 0.9168, 0.7187, 0.6022 in Lake M. Ten strains of dominant heterotrophic bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Coccus, Aeromonas, Bacillus, and Enterobateriaceae, separately, were isolated. The appropriate conditions for the seeding type immobilized microorgansims in purifying the water sample were exposure time=24 h, pH=7.0-8.0, and quantity of the immobilized microorganisms=0.75-1 g/50 mL. The removal rates of TOC, TP, and TN under the above conditions were 80.2%, 81.6%, and 86.8%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The amount of heterotrophic bacteria in the two lakes was correlated with TOC, TP, and TN. These bacteria could be acclimatized and prepared for the immobilized microorganisms which could effectively remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and mixed organic pollutants in the water sample.</p>