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Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 81(4): 288-296, ago. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-795892

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar las pacientes obstétricas críticamente enfermas asistidas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Obstétricos (UCIO) de la Maternidad "Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza" de Maracaibo, estado Zulia, durante 2011-2014. MÉTODOS: Investigación de tipo descriptiva con diseño retrospectivo, la cual incluyó una muestra por cuotas de todas las embarazadas críticamente enfermas que ingresaron en la UCIO; se analizaron las características asociadas a la morbilidad materna extrema y la mortalidad asociada a la misma. RESULTADOS: En el periodo estudiado, 0,74% (548/73.588) de todos los ingresos obstétricos ingresaron a la UCIO, principalmente debido a trastornos hipertensivos (53%), infecciones (23,27%) o hemorragias (13,79%). Entre los factores de riesgo encontrados destacan: edad entre 19-35 años (58,19%), procedencia rural (59,05%), bajos niveles educativos (>80% escolaridad menor a secundaria), concubinas (60,78%), control prenatal ausente o inadecuado (74,57%), multiparidad (37,93%), embarazo pretérminos (65,95%), realización de cesárea segmentaria (62,50%), presencia de enfermedad de la gestación (59,05%) e ingreso durante el puerperio (80,17%). Se encontró que la estancia hospitalaria en la UCIO fue corta (5,91±8,17 días), siendo las disfunciones más frecuentes la cardiovascular (50,43%), hematológica (41,37%) o respiratoria (31,46%). Se registraron 38 muertes maternas entre todas las pacientes con morbilidad materna extrema ingresadas a la UCIO, con una tasa de letalidad de 6,93%. CONCLUSIÓN: Si bien las pacientes obstétricas críticamente enfermas representan menos del 1% de todos los ingresos efectuados, contribuyeron con más de la mitad de la mortalidad materna registrada en la institución.


AIM: To characterize the critically ill obstetrical patients assisted in the Obstetric Intensive Care Unit (OICU) at the maternity "Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza" in Maracaibo, Zulia state, Venezuela, during 2011-2014. METHODS: A descriptive research with retrospective design was developed, which included a quota sample of all critically ill pregnant women who joined the OICU; the characteristics associated with extreme maternal morbidity and mortality associated with it were analyzed. RESULTS: In the study period, 0.74% (548/73,588) of all obstetric patients was admitted to the OICU, mainly due to hypertensive disorders (53%), infections (23.27%) or bleeding (13.79%). Among the risk factors found are: age between 19-35 years (58.19%), rural origin (59.05%), low educational levels (>80% lower secondary), concubines (60.78%), absent or inadequate prenatal care (74.57%), multiparity (37.93%), preterm pregnancy (65.95%), performing segmental cesarean section (62.50%), presence of gestation illness (59.05%) and income during the postpartum period (80.17%). It was found that the hospital stay in OICU was short (5.91±8.17 days); the most frequent dysfunctions were: cardiovascular (50.43%), hematological (41.37%) or respiratory (31.46%). Were recorded 38 maternal deaths among all patients with extreme maternal morbidity admitted to OICU, with a fatality rate of 6.93%. CONCLUSION: Although critically ill obstetric patients represent less than 1% of all obstetrics patients admitted made contributed more than half of maternal deaths recorded in the institution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy Complications/mortality , Venezuela/epidemiology , Maternal Mortality , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Critical Illness , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay , Obstetrics
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