ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT In the last decade, the risk benefits ratio of MHT has been evaluated mainly in terms of cardiovascular risk. Present Consensus Statement is largely inspired by the Global Consensus on Menopausal Hormone Therapy in 2013 and 2016 by leading global menopause societies (The American Society for Reproductive Medicine, The Asia Pacific Menopause Federation, The Endocrine Society, The European Menopause and Andropause Society, The International Menopause Society, The International Osteoporosis Foundation and The North American Menopause Society). The aim of these Recommendations is to provide a simple and updated reference on postmenopausal MHT. The term MHT typically includes estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT). EPT can be sequential (Seq) when progestogen is added to ERT for 10-14 days a month, or continuous combined (CC) when progestogen is administered continuously every day along with a fixed amount of estrogen. MHT also includes Tibolone and the Tissue Selective Estrogen Complex (TSEC).
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Societies, Medical/trends , Menopause , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Estrogens/administration & dosageABSTRACT
This study reports the data recorded from four patients intoxicated with shellfish during the summer 2002, after consuming ribbed mussels (Aulacomya ater) with paralytic shellfish toxin contents of 8,066 n 61.37 mg/100 gr of tissue. Data associated with clinical variables and paralytic shellfish toxins analysis in plasma and urine of the intoxicated patients are shown. For this purpose, the evolution of respiratory frequency, arterial blood pressure and heart rate of the poisoned patients were followed and recorded. The clinical treatment to reach a clinically stable condition and return to normal physiological parameters was a combination of hydration with saline solution supplemented with Dobutamine (vasoactive drug), Furosemide (diuretic) and Ranitidine (inhibitor of acid secretion). The physiological condition of patients began to improve after four hours of clinical treatment, and a stable condition was reached between 12 to 24 hours. The HPLC-FLD analysis showed only the GTX3/GTX2 epimers in the blood and urine samples. Also, these epimers were the only paralytic shellfish toxins found in the shellfish extract sample.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Animals , Middle Aged , Shellfish/analysis , Shellfish/microbiology , Shellfish/toxicity , Chile/epidemiology , /etiology , /microbiology , Paresthesia/etiology , Paresthesia/microbiology , Marine Toxins/isolation & purification , Marine Toxins/analysis , Marine Toxins/adverse effects , Marine Toxins/pharmacology , Marine Toxins/toxicityABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso clínico de listeriosis diagnosticado a las 16 semanas de embarazo, con evolución perinatal satisfactoria y revisión del tema
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Listeria monocytogenes , Listeriosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Listeria monocytogenes , Listeriosis , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Pregnancy Trimester, SecondABSTRACT
Protein phosphatases are involved in many cellular processes. One of the most abundant and best studied members of this class is protein phosphatase type-2A (PP2A). In this study, PP2A was purified from the mussel Mytilus chilensis. Using both SDS-PAGE and size exclusion gel filtration under denaturant conditions, it was confirmed that the PP2A fraction was essentially pure. The isolated enzyme is a heterodimer and the molecular estimated masses of the subunits are 62 and 28 kDa. The isolated PP2A fraction has a notably high p-NPP phosphatase activity, which is inhibited by NaCl. The hydrolytic p-NPP phosphatase activity is independent of the MgCl2 concentration. The time courses of the inhibition of the PP2A activity of p-NPP hydrolysis by increasing concentrations of three phycotoxins that are specific inhibitors of PP2A are shown. Inhibitions caused by Okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1, 35-methylokadiac acid) and Microcystine L-R are dose-dependent with inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.68, 0.40 and 0.27 nM respectively. Microcystine L-R, the most potent phycotoxin inhibitor of PP2A isolated from Mytilus chilensis with an IC50 = 0.25 ng/ml, showed the highest specific inhibition effect an the p-NPP hydrolisis. The calculated IC50 for DTX1 and OA was 0.75 ng/ml and 1.8 ng/ml respectively.
Subject(s)
Animals , Okadaic Acid/pharmacology , Bivalvia/enzymology , Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology , Pyrans/pharmacology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/chemistry , Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/isolation & purification , MicrocystinsABSTRACT
El aumento sostenido de la mortalidad por cáncer de mama en Chile hace necesario estudiar todos aquellos aspectos relacionados con la enfermedad que permitan tomar medidas para modificar esta tendencia. Existen evidencias sobre diferencias en la frecuencia y mortalidad causada por el cáncer de mama en relación a las grandes aglomeraciones urbanas. En nuestro país, sin embrago, no hay estudios que permitan verificar o negar alguna tendencia específica en la distribución de dichas tasas. Con el objeto de conocer la distribución de la mortalidad por cáncer de mama en la VIII Región del Bío-Bío (Chile) e investigar posibles relaciones con otros parámetros sociodemográficos, geopolíticos y geográficos, se realiza un estudio de comparación gráfica entre el mapa de mortalidad por cáncer de mama en la VIII Región para el período 1985-1992, confeccionado en base a datos proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y mapas de distribución de las restantes variables en estudio. Se comprueba que la tasa específica de mortalidad por cáncer de mama en mujeres de la VIII Región alcanzó a 10,30 por ciento mujeres en el período en estudio, levemente por debajo de la tasa nacional. La provincia de Arauco tuvo la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de mama más baja, 4,89 por ciento mujeres, mientras que Ñuble tuvo la más alta, 11,38 por ciento mujeres. La tasa de mortalidad más alta para el período se produjo en la comuna de Yungay, alcanzando a 22,59 por ciento mujeres, lo que duplica la tasa nacional, mientras que la tasa más baja se produjo en la comuna de Contulmo, con 2,1 por ciento mujeres. El mapa de distribución geográfica muestra que las mayores tasas de mortalidad tienden a concentrarse en comunas situadas en el área este de la región, con claro predominio de las comunas precordilleranas. Las comunas de la costa, con la excepción de aquellas situadas en el límite norte, tienen tasas muy bajas de mortalidad. No se encontró una asociación significativa con el índice de vejez, con el índice de desnutrición infantil, con el índice de analfabetismo, con el índice de densidad de población, con el índice de pobreza, con las áreas climáticas, con la hidrografía, con la amplitud térmica ni con los cambios de vegetación.