ABSTRACT
The major objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of cisplatin [a widely used antitumor drug] on antioxidant enzymes [catalase and glutathione peroxidase], hepatic [DNA and RNA] contents as well as on chromosomal pattern. The protective role of two antioxidants curcumin and melatonin were also studied and compared. Two hundreds and sixteen adult albino rats of both sexes were divided into six equal groups. A part from the three control groups, the fourth treated group [G IV] were received single dose of 1/10 of LD50 [5 mg/kg b.w IP] cisplatin. Group V: received curcumin [10 mg/kg. b.w. I.P.] + cisplatin. Group VI: received melatonin [5 mg/kg b.w. IP] +cisplatin, NB: each of curcurnin and melatonin in GV and GV1 were given 24 hours and another dose 1/2 an hour before single administration of [5 mg/kg b.w] cisplatin and daily for 20 days thereafter. Twelve rats from each group were sacrificed 24, 72 hours and 21 days after single cisplatin administration. Blood was collected from six rats to estimate catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes activities, then their livers were obtained after their sacrification to measure their [DNA and RNA] contents. The other six rats were utilized for cytogenetic study. The results of the present study showed that cisplatin significantly decreased catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes activities, and hepatic DNA and RNA concentrations and significantly increased both structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and total chromosomal damage throughout the period of the study. curcumin and melatonin may be of therapeutic benefit as they modulate cisplatin toxicity as regards all studied parameters with the superiority of melatonin, so we recommended antioxidant supplementation along with cisplatin chemotherapy and between its courses to minimize its side effects through strengthening the antioxidant system
ABSTRACT
The current study was designed to illustrate the toxic effects of two Egyptian snake venoms Naja haje [elapidae family] and Cerastes cerastes [vipridae family] on non- diabetic and diabetic rats. Seventy two male albino rats were utilized. They were divided into two main equal groups, non-diabetic group [G1] and diabetic group [G2]. Each main group was divided into three equal subgroups. The non-diabetic group was divided into G1a [control], G1b [injected by 1/2 LD50 of Naja haje venom [0.007 mg/20gm b.w. I.M.], G1c [injected by 1/2 LD50 of Cerastes cerastes venom [0.073 mg/100 gm b.w. I.M.]. Diabetes was experimentally induced by I.P. injection of 140 mg/kg alloxan monohyderate. The diabetic group was divided into G2a [control], G2b and G2c treated similar to non-diabetic G1b and G1c. All animals were sacrificed three hours after injection, their blood and serum were subjected to biochemical analyses, while tissue samples were obtained for histopathological study. The present study revealed that, mortality rate, blood glucose level and C P K and L D H enzymes activities were higher in Naja hale injected groups than Cerastes cerastes groups. Coagulation factors represented by an increased Pt and PTT on the other hand were increased in Cerastes cerastes than in Naja haje. Pathological changes on site of injection [skin and muscle] was prominent in case of Cerastes cerastes venom, where skin showed thinning of the epidermis with necrosis of sebaceous glands and edema of the dermis with severe subdermal hemorrhage. Skeletal muscle showed severe wide spread hemorrhage and edema among the destructed muscle cells with scattered leucocytic infiltration. While Naja haje venom affected mainly the cardiac muscle and brain tissue, as myocardial muscle showed vacuolar degeneration, congestion of blood vessels with focal hemorrhagic area, edema and hyalinization among degenerated muscle fibers. Brain tissue revealed increase in glia cells of cerebrum, edematous neuron and encephalomalecia. The toxic effect of both venoms was more severe in diabetic group than non-diabetic one
ABSTRACT
Carbon tetrachloride [CC14] is a clear colourless liquid with an ethereal odour, it is used as a solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes and resins. The objective of this study was to elucidate the immuonotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of CC14 on adult albino rats and their relationship. Thirty adult male albino rats were utilized. They were divided into three equal groups, two control groups and the third group was treated by 25 mg/kg body. weight [B. W.] CC14 dissolved in corn oil and introduced by gavage daily for four weeks. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the fourth week, their blood and serum were subjected to biochemical analysis while spleen tissue samples were obtained for histopathological and immunohistochemical staining. The results of the present study revealed that, CC14 induced a significant decrease in total body weight and spleen weight at the end of the experiment, suppression in humoral immune response represented by a significant decrease in [IgG and IgM] and cellular immune response represented by a significant decrease in CD4 and CD8 subsets of T-lymphocytes when analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining of splenic sections. It also increase the total leucocytic count and as regard differential count only the number of neutrophilis and eosinophilis were increase, while lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly decreased. Regarding pathological changes on the spleen of CC14 treated group, splenic lymphoid follicles were markedly depleted and atrophied leaving only irregular outline. Central-arterioles were narrowed with decrease in the size of per arteriolar lymphoid sheath [PALS] and the inter- follicular zone showed mild congestion. Exposure to CC14 induced hepatotoxic effect which represented by a significant increase in alanine transaminase [ALT] enzyme activity and a significant decrease in serum total proteins and albumin. It is concluded that, CC14 produced an immunosuppressive and hepatotoxic effect at the same dose level. Efforts must be taken to restrict the usage of CC14 to minimize its hazardous effects on human and environment and also to protect ozone layer from its depleting effect