ABSTRACT
Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most frequent causes of an acute abdomen requiring emergency surgery. Classically, the clinical findings consist of periumbilical pain migrating to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by fever and leukocytosis. However, the classic signs are not always present, and symptoms can be nonspecific and overlap with other causes of abdominal pain. While the clinical diagnosis may be straightforward in patients who present with classic signs and symptoms, atypical presentations may result in diagnostic confusion and delay in treatment. Among imaging methods, Ultrasound (US) is a valuable tool, which is widely available, can be performed at the bedside, does not use ionizing radiation, is relatively inexpensive, and may show evidence of other causes of abdominal pain. Methods: We evaluated the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of AA, at a tertiary care hospital of tribal, hilly, Wayanad in Kerala, involving 224 patients from Jan 2015 to July 2016. Ultrasound findings were finally compared with surgical / pathological report of appendices removed at surgery. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of AA, in our study were found to be 99.2 %, 76.7 %, 87.2% , 98.5% and 90.6 % respectively. Conclusion: Although the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of sonography vary greatly in studies evaluating the imaging diagnosis of acute appendicitis, it should be the first imaging modality when there is clinical concern for acute appendicitis.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Injuries are becoming major public health problem worldwide and since India is also passing through a major socio-demographic, epidemiological and technological transition injuries are coming up as an emerging health problem. This study was aimed at analyzing the morbidities of orthopaedic injuries among patients attending the casualty department in a medical college hospital Material and methods: The record analysis of injured patients attending the casualty department over a 12 months period from Jan 2013 to Dec 2013 was done. The data was analyzed to know the pattern of orthopedic injuries. Results: A total of 1100 injured patients attended the casualty department were analyzed. Study showed that 880 (80%) of victims were in the age group of 11-45 years. 825 (75%) were males and 275 (25%) were females. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of injuries being responsible for 660 victims (60%) followed by fall from height 242 (22%). Study revealed that in 770 (70%) of the victims the most common presentation of morbidity was fracture and the most common site was lower limbs in 378 (49%). Next most common site was upper limbs followed by pelvic fracture, spine fractures, facial fracture & Ribs fracture. 792 (72%) cases had simple fracture. 44 (13%) cases had various dislocations, shoulder dislocation being the most common. most common visceral injury was head injury 198 (18%). Conclusion: Fractures were the most common pattern of orthopedic of injuries, especially RTA is required in medical college hospital.
ABSTRACT
Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. seeds, pods and seedlings are susceptible to fungal attack due to its rich nutrient content. The most commonly isolated soybean (JS-335) seed-borne fungi were Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina., Pythium spp., Aspergillus spp., Phoma spp., and Phomopsis spp. Macrophomina phaseolina is an important plant pathogenic fungus that causes charcoal rot of soybean and infects more than 500 hosts. In humid climates, the fungus causes a post emergence damping-off of soybean seedlings leading to 50% of crop losses. The objective of this work was to study the efficacy of the botanicals on soybean seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina. Among the 10 botanicals screened, Datura metel (L.) methanol leaf extract showed the most promising activity against Macrophomina phaseolina.