ABSTRACT
The present paper discusses a general expression for determining the minimum sample size (plants) for a given number of seeds or vice versa for capturing multiple allelic diversity. The model considers sampling from a large 2 k-ploid population under a broad range of mating systems. Numerous expressions/results developed for germplasm collection/regeneration for diploid populations by earlier workers can be directly deduced from our general expression by assigning appropriate values of the corresponding parameters. A seed factor which influences the plant sample size has also been isolated to aid the collectors in selecting the appropriate combination of number of plants and seeds per plant. When genotypic multiplicity of seeds is taken into consideration, a sample size of even less than 172 plants can conserve diversity of 20 alleles from 50,000 polymorphic loci with a very large probability of conservation (0.9999) in most of the cases.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Models, Biological , PolyploidyABSTRACT
In search of an oral drug for Visceral Leishmaniasis, 54 cases of Kala-azar were treated with roxithromycin, an orally administrable drug at a dose of 300 mg twice daily for 21 days. Thirty-nine (86.7%) were responsive (cured), 11 (28.2%) relapsed. The results appeared equally or even more effective when compared to the sodium antimony gluconate in two recent trials in Kala-azar in almost same demographic pattern. A possible synergistic action of roxithromycin and SAG was explored. Toxicities of SAG and roxithromycin are compared and discussed. Further controlled trials are needed before it can be widely used as first line drug for Indian Kala-azar in the present epidemic.
Subject(s)
Administration, Oral , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy , Male , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Roxithromycin/administration & dosage , Safety , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Child , Deafness/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Pedigree , Uveitis/genetics , Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
The study was made with the help of a chemitrode placed in various areas of the hypothalamus by the stereotaxic technique, for electrical and chemical stimulation (noradrenaline or isoprenaline) before and after microinjection of respective blockers (phenoxybenzamine or practalol). The results indicated the presence of both alpha and beta-adrenoreceptors in the anterior and dorsomedial hypothalamus producing a depressor response, and, the presence of alpha adrenoreceptors in the posterior and lateral hypothalamus producing a pressor response.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cats , Female , Hypothalamus/drug effects , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Male , Norepinephrine/pharmacology , Phenoxybenzamine/pharmacology , Practolol/pharmacology , Receptors, Adrenergic/physiology , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effectsABSTRACT
The urine volume per 24 hours is much lower than that reported in literature and therefore, it is necessary to establish Indian base lines. The experiments have been done under three different weather conditions, the results suggest an extent of allowance to be made for interpreting the results of concentration of substances in urine. The daily creatinine excretion was much lower than that reported in Western literature. This may be of value when creatinine excretion is being used as a check for completeness of 24 hours urine volume in Indians.