Knowledge, attitude and practices of contraception amongst married women

Background: Aim of current study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraceptives amongst married women of reproductive age group.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in obstetrics and gynaecology out door patient department (OPD) of SMGS hospital Jammu. 100 married women aged between 15-45 years were included in this study. Along with the sociodemographic characteristics of the women, their knowledge, attitude /86*and practices on contraception were evaluated with the help of predesigned questionnaire.Results: It was observed that out of 100 women, majority of them were Hindu (58%), higher secondary educated (21%), housewives (45%) and belonged to low socio economic status (36%). 88% females had knowledge about contraceptive methods that was mainly obtained from health workers (59%) followed by media (23.8%) and social circle (14,7%). 38% women were practicing contraceptive methods, out of which most of them were using condom (39.4%) followed by Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) (21.05%), intra uterine contraceptive device (15.7%) etc. Though most of the women had knowledge about contraceptive methods majority (62%) had negative attitude towards family planning.Conclusions: In spite of having good knowledge, utilization of contraceptives was less because of religious myths and beliefs, fear of side effects, cultural and political barriers.

Laparoscopic Evaluation of Chronic Pelvic Pain.

The present study was undertaken to find out the role of laparoscopy in evaluation of chronic pelvic pain and to correlate laparoscopic findings with preoperative pelvic findings. Fifty-two women with pelvic pain of more than 6 months duration were included. They were examined clinically and then subjected to Transabdominal sonography and laparoscopy. Of 52 patient's enrolled for study, 51.92% of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years with equal number of cases from rural and urban areas. Abnormal menstrural cycle patterns were seen in 32.70% of patients with menorrhagia contributing 23.07%. 44.24% patients had abnormal pelvic findings on preoperative pelvic examination. Ultrasonography could detect abnormality in 32.70% of patients as compared to Laparoscopy which had abnormal findings in 75%. Most common pelvic pathology was PID in 26.92% followed by adhesions in 12.07% cases which could not be detected clinically and on sonography. Laparoscopy is a more sensitive and superior method for evaluation of chronic pelvic pain as compared to ultrasonography. Laparoscopy can establish a definitive diagnosis, modify and provide treatment without resorting to exploratory laparotomy .

Role of Emergency Hysterectomy in Modern Obstetrics.

A retrospective study was done to estimate prevlance, indications and complications of emergency hysterectomy done for various obstetric indications over two years was carried out. There were 37549 confinements during study period from April 2006 to Aug 2008. Out of this 27213 (72.4%) delivered vaginally and 10336 (27.5%) by Cesarean section. 80 emergency hysterectomies were done, incidence being 2.13 /1000 births. Mean age was 30.5 years. Majority (75%) were from rural areas. Maximum cases were para 2-4. Most common indication for emergency hysterectomy was uterine rupture (40%) followed by atonic PPH (28.75%). Placenta previa (9%). Secondary PPH (6.25%), broad ligament hematoma (6.2%) placenta accreta &increta (2%).fibroid with bleeding (3.7%). Couvelaire uterus (2.1%) and obstructed labour with septicemia (1.2%). Majority of uterine rupture cases were late referrals from rural areas. Out of 32 cases of rupture uterus 20 were with previous LSCS and 12 were multipara. Maternal mortality was 2.5% and the cause of death was related to irreversible shock and DIC. Identification of high risk cases, early referral and procedures like internal illiac artery ligation can reduce the incidence of Emergency Hysterectomy.

Sirenomelia: A Rare Entity

Sirenomelia also called as Mermaid Syndrome, is a rare congenital malformation of uncertain aetiology. It is characterised by fusion of the lower limbs and commonly associated with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformation. It should be suspected in antenatal period in cases presenting with severe oligohydramnios and intra-uterine growth retardation. Here, we report a case of sirenomelia in a 26th weeks foetus.

Sirenomelia: A Rare Entity.

Sirenomelia also called as Mermaid Syndrome, is a rare congenital malformation of uncertain aetiology. It is characterised by fusion of the lower limbs and commonly associated with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformation. It should be suspected in antenatal period in cases presenting with severe oligohydramnios and intra-uterine growth retardation. Here, we report a case of sirenomelia in a 26th weeks foetus.