Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-mediated macrophage autophagy in affecting the phenotype transformation of lung fibroblasts induced by silica dust exposure / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is one of the main signaling pathways related to autophagy. Autophagy plays a key role in the formation of silicosis fibrosis. The phenotypic transformation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is a hallmark of the transition from the inflammatory phase to the fibrotic phase in silicosis. This study aims to investigate whether the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway affects the phenotypic transformation of silicosis-induced lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts via mediating macrophage autophagy.@*METHODS@#The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages by treating with 100 ng/mL of phorbol ester for 24 h. Macrophages were exposed to different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) and different times (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 h) of SiO2 dust suspension. The survival rate of macrophages was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the contents of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the cell supernatant. The co-culture system of macrophages and HFL-1 cells was established by transwell. A blank control group, a SiO2 group, a LY294002 group, a SC79 group, a LY294002+SiO2 group, and a SC79+SiO2 group were set up in this experiment. Macrophages in the LY294002+SiO2 group were pretreated with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) for 18 hours, and macrophages in the SC79+SiO2 group were pretreated with SC79 (Akt activator) for 24 hours, and then exposed to SiO2 (100 μg/mL) dust suspension for 12 hours. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein in macrophages was detected by the immunofluorescence method. The protein expressions of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, Beclin-1, LC3 in macrophages, and collagen III (Col III), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in HFL-1 cells were measured by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#After the macrophages were exposed to SiO2 dust suspension of different concentrations for 12 h, the survival rates of macrophages were gradually decreased with the increase of SiO2 concentration. Compared with the 0 μg/mL group, the survival rates of macrophages in the 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL groups were significantly decreased, and the concentrations of TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were obviously increased (all P<0.05). When 100 μg/mL SiO2 dust suspension was applied to macrophages, the survival rates of macrophages were decreased with the prolonged exposure time. Compared with the 0 h group, the survival rates of macrophages were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), the concentrations of TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were significantly increased, and the protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3II were increased markedly in the 6, 12, 24, and 48 h groups (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that after exposure to SiO2 (100 μg/mL) dust for 12 h, LC3 exhibited punctate aggregation and significantly higher fluorescence intensity compared to the blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the protein expressions of Col III, FN, α-SMA, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 in HFL-1 cells were up-regulated in the SiO2 group (all P<0.05). Compared with the SiO2 group, the protein expressions of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were down-regulated and the protein expressions of LC3II and Beclin-1 were up-regulated in macrophages (all P<0.05), the contents of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the cell supernatant were decreased (both P<0.01), and the protein expressions of Col III, FN, α-SMA, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 in HFL-1 cells were down-regulated (all P<0.05) in the LY294002+SiO2 group. Compared with the SiO2 group, the protein expressions of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were up-regulated and the protein expressions of LC3II and Beclin-1 were down-regulated in macrophages (all P<0.05), the contents of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the cell supernatant were increased (both P<0.01), and the protein expressions of Col III, FN, α-SMA, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 in HFL-1 cells were up-regulated (all P<0.05) in the SC79+SiO2 group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Silica dust exposure inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, increases autophagy and concentration of inflammatory factors in macrophages, and promotes the phenotype transformation of HFL-1 cells into myofibroblasts. The regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway can affect the autophagy induction and the concentration of inflammatory factors of macrophages by silica dust exposure, and then affect the phenotype transformation of HFL-1 cells into myofibroblasts induced by silica dust exposure.

Analysis of the diversity and structural changes of intestinal flora in patients with sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the diversity and structural changes of intestinal flora in patients with sepsis.Methods:A total of 55 patients were enrolled who visited the Emergency Department of several Grade III-A hospitals from November 2015 to March 2016. Among them, 25 patients with sepsis metthe diagnostic criteria of Sepsis 3.0 and 30 patients had no sepsis. The intestinal flora from all fecal samples was sequenced by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. The diversity and structure changes of the flora were analyzed using Uparse, Qiime, R and LEfSe software.Results:There was no significant difference in sex, age, chronic underlying diseases, and the diversity of intestinal flora between the sepsis and non-sepsis groups (all P>0.05). The structure of intestinal flora was significant different between the two groups ( P<0.05). Abundances of Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Hafnia, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia and Ruminococcus in intestinal flora from patients with sepsis were significantly reduced, but those of Bacilli, Coriobacteriia, Lactobacillales, Coriobacteriales, Clostridiaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Collinsella and Collinsella_aerofaciens were significantly increased. Conclusions:There is no change in the diversity of intestinal flora between the sepsis and non-sepsis groups. There are structural changes of intestinal flora in patients with sepsis.

The clinical value of von Willebrand factor and VITRO score in evaluating disease progression in patients with HBV infection / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical value of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and VITRO score (vWF:Ag/platelet count) in assessing disease progression in patients with HBV infection. Methods: Randomly collect relevant clinical data of 308 patients with HBV infection (including 154 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 66 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis in compensatory period, 88 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis in decompensated period) from December 1, 2018 to January 5, 2021 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The vWF values are measured by a uniform optical method, and all data are included using a uniform standard. Analyze the difference and significance of plasma vWF level and VITRO score in chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis B cirrhosis in the compensatory phase and decompensated phase. Results: The plasma vWF level and VITRO score of the chronic hepatitis B group were (139.47±76.44) and (0.86±0.8), respectively, and the hepatitis B cirrhosis compensated group was (164.95±67.12 and 1.44±1.14), respectively. Hepatitis cirrhosis decompensated group were (317.48±103.32 and 6.81±4.98), respectively; plasma vWF level and VITRO score increased with the progression of HBV infection, and the difference was statistically significant (F=133.669,P=0.000F=137.598,P=0.000).The plasma vWF level and VITRO score in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were (185.65±85.07 and 2.3±2.37) in the Child-Pugh A group, (304.74±105.81 and 6.37±5.19) in the B grade group, and (369.48±73.238.28±5.38) in the C grade group; plasma vWF level and VITRO score in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis increased with the increase of Child-Pugh grade, and the difference was statistically significant (F=60.236, P=0.000F=32.854, P=0.000). The area under the curve (AUC) of plasma vWF level and VITRO score for diagnosing the decompensated stage of hepatitis B cirrhosis were 0.897 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.855-0.940, P＜0.01], 0.949 [95% CI: 0.916-0.982, P＜0.01). When the vWF level and VITRO score were taken as cut-off values of 238.5% and 1.65, respectively, the sensitivity of diagnosing the decompensated stage of hepatitis B cirrhosis was 79.5% and 94.3%, the specificity was 92.3% and 87.7%, and the positive predictive value was 80.5% and 94.3%, the negative predictive value was 91.9% and 97.5%, and the diagnostic accuracy was 88.6% and 89.3%. Among the patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis, the level of vWF in the group with gastrointestinal bleeding (367.24±68.29)% was significantly higher than that in the group without gastrointestinal bleeding (286.15±109.69)%, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001) The VITRO score of the group with gastrointestinal bleeding (9.12±5.4) was significantly higher than that of the group without gastrointestinal bleeding (5.36±4.13), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01). The vWF level in the spontaneous peritonitis group was (341.73±87.92)% higher than that in the non-spontaneous peritonitis group (296.32±111.74)%, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no statistical difference in VITRO score between the two groups. significance. Conclusion: Plasma vWF level and VITRO score can evaluate the progression of liver disease and the degree of decompensation of liver cirrhosis in patients with HBV infection, and have a predictive effect on various complications after decompensation of liver cirrhosis, and have certain guiding significance for early intervention measures.

The feature of fracture in elderly patients in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from 2009 to 2016 / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the feature of fracture in elderly patients in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from 2009 to 2016.Methods The data of elderly patients with fracture visiting the department of trauma emergency in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from 2009 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.The data of patient number,age,gender,seasonal and circadian variation of visit and fracture site were collected and analyzed.Results Among all the 42 988 elderly patients with fractures visiting department of trauma emergency from 2009 to 2016,there were more female patients than male patients (P ＜ 0.01).In both male and female patient groups,there was a trend of increase in number of patients year by year (P ＜ 0.01).Elderly patients in the groups of 60-69 years,70-79 years and 80-89 years demonstrated a trend of increasing number from year to year notably in the 60-69 years group (P ＜ 0.01) but the total number of patients decreased as age increased.As for seasonal variation,autumn had the highest number of cases and spring the lowest (P ＜ 0.01).Most elderly patients visited emergency during 8:00-16:00 period (P ＜ 0.01).The commonest sites of fractures were at radius and femur.Conclusions Fracture of elderly patients has its unique feature in gender,age,seasonal and circadian variation of visit and fracture sites.The community should do a better planning for prevention and management of elderly patients with fractures according to their specially clinical features.

Regulatory effects of hydrogen sulfide on alveolar epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with acute lung injury / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to examine the regulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar epithelial cells of rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by oleic acid (OA). METHODS: Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group, oleic acid-induced ALI group (OA group), oleic acid-induced ALI with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) pretreatment group (OA+NaHS group), and sodium hydrosulfide treatment group (NaHS group). Rats of each group were further subdivided into 3 subgroups. Index of quantitative assessment of histological lung injury (IQA), wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and H2S level of lung tissues were measured. The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and α-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 (elF2α) in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. RESULTS: The IQA score and W/D ratio of lung tissues at the three time points significantly increased in rats injected with OA, but significantly decreased in other rats injected with OA and NaHS. The level of H2S in lung tissue at the three time points significantly decreased in rats injected with OA, but significantly increased in other rats injected with both OA and NaHS. GRP78 and elF2αdecreased in rats injected with OA, but increased in other rats injected with both OA and NaHS, especially at 4-hour and 6-hour time points. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that H2S could promote alveolar epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with ALI.

Regulatory effects of hydrogen sulfide on alveolar epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with acute lung injury / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the regulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar epithelial cells of rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by oleic acid (OA).Methods Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were equally divided into control group (C group),oleic acid-induced ALI group (OA group),oleic acid-induced ALI with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) pretreatment group (OA + NaHS group) and sodium hydrosulfide treatment group (NaHS group).The model of acute lung injury was made by oleic acid intravenous injection in dose of 0.1 mL/kg.NaHS was injected intra-abdominally in dose of 1 ml/kg with concentration of 56 μmol/L 30 min before administration of oleic acid for pretreatment.In control groups,saline was used instead of oleic acid and NaHS in the equivalent volume.Six rats of each group were sacrificed at 2 h,4 h and 6 hours separately after modeling for observing the acute injury of lung tissue.Index of quantitative assessment of histological lung injury (IQA),wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and H2S level of lung tissues were measured.The endoplasmic reticulum stress markers included glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and α-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 (elF2α) in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Results At the three observation intervals,the IQA score and W/D ratio of lung tissues significantly increased in rats-after OA injected,but significantly decreased in other rats receiving both OA and NaHS.At the three intervals,the level of H2S in lung tissue significantly decreased in rats after OA injected,but significantly increased in other rats receiving both OA and NaHS.GRP78 and elF2α decreased in rats after OA injected,but increased in other rats receiving both OA and NaHS especially at 4 h and 6 h after modeling.Conclusions The findings suggested that H2S could promote the response to alveolar epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with ALI resulting in attenuating the damage of lung tissue caused by oleic acid.

Protective effect of jiedu tongluo injection on cerebral edema in rats with lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effects of Jiedu Tongluo injection on cerebral edema induced by focal lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the hydrous content of brain and the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and MMP-9 in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The model of brain middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion was established by the thread approach. After 24 hours of reperfusion, cerebral edema formation was determined by the hydrous content of brain. The permeability of blood brain barrier was evaluated based on the leakage of Evans blue. Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA)was used to examine the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin. The expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>JDTL, in the dose of 2 mL x kg(-1) and 4 mL x kg(-1), relieved cerebral edema (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), reduced the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-land E-selectin and decreased MMP-9 activity (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) in model rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Jiedu Tongluo injection has a protective effect on rat brain from cerebral edema induced by the injury of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The mechanism is related to that Jiedu Tongluo injection can reduce the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and inhibit of MMP-9 activation in rat brain.</p>

Regulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide on endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism in livers in apoE knockout mice / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and lipid metabolism in livers in apoE knockout (apo E-/-) mice.Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice and homozygous apoE mice were fed with a western type diet and randomly divided into four groups:C57BL/6 J control group (injected intraperitoneally with normal saline),apoE group (injected intraperitoneally with normal saline),apoE-/-+NaHS group (injected intraperitoneally with an H2S donor NaHS 56μmol · kg-1 · d-1) and apoE-/-+ DL-propargylglycine (PPG) group (injected intraperitoneally with an acystathionine-γ-lyase inhibitor PPG 30 mg ·kg-1 · d-1).After 10 weeks,all mice were sacrificed and plasma lipids were detected.Lipid deposition was determined by oil red O staining.Glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78),Thr-981 phosphorylated double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK),subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (elF-2α),low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR),sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) in the livers were detected by Western bloting.The expressions of GRP78 and SREBP-2 mRNA were analyzed by realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Compared with C57BL/6 J control group,plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL),liver lipid content and expressions of GRP-78,PERK and eIF-2α were significantly increased in apoE-/-mice,but body weight did not change.Compared with apoE-/-mice,plasma LDL level was decreased,liver lipid deposition was improved,expressions of GRP-78 and PERK in livers were increased,and the ratio of p-eIF-2α/ eIF-2α was increased in apoE-/-+NaHS group,but expression levels of SREBP-2 and LDLR in liver did not change.Conclusions H2S decreases serum LDL level and liver lipid content,and up regulates GRP78 protein and mRNA expressions,promotes PERK and eIF2α phosphorylations,improves endoplasmic reticulum function,but has no effect on the expressions of SREBP-2 and LDLR in apoE-/-mice fed with a high-fat diet.

The effect of combination of glycine and methylprednisolone on Kupffer cells of liver after hemorrhagic shock in rats / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of combination of glycine and methylprednisolone (MP) on Kupffer cells in liver of rats suffered from hemorrhagic shock.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty Wistar rats were bled to establish the shock model and subsequently resuscitated with shed blood and normal saline. Just prior to resuscitation, the rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: sham group, shock group, shock + glycine group, shock + MP group and shock + glycine + MP group. The intracellular calcium concentration and the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in the culture medium of Kupffer cells were determined after stimulation with different concentrations (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Concentration of intracellular calcium and production of TNF-alpha by isolated Kupffer cells stimulated by LPS were elevated significantly in the rats with hemorrhagic shock, which were totally prevented by glycine + MP compared with other groups (P < 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The combination of glycine and MP prevents the increase of intracellular calcium of Kupffer cell, suppress Kupffer cell activation, decrease the production of TNF-alpha of Kupffer cell and block systemic inflammatory responses more effectively than single administer of glycine or MP.</p>

Relationship between sexual behavioral characteristics and co infection of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in drug abusers / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGRUND:The high prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) is related with the sexual characteristics in drug abusers.How about the relationship between prevalence of HBV/hepatitis C virus(HCV) co infection and the sexual characteristics in drug abusers? OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between sexual characteristics and HBV/HCV co infection in drug abusers. DESIGN:A cross sectional survey taking the drug abuser as the subjects. SETTING:A department of clinical laboratory of a municipal hospital,an epidemiological department of the college of public health of a university,a professional drug abuser treatment center. PARTICIPANTS:Totally 452 male and 320 female drug abusers were randomly selected from the Changsha Xinkaipu Drug Abusers Treatment Center and Zhuzhou Baimalong Female Drug Abusers Treatment Center as the subjects from 1st to 31st January 2001. INTERVENTIONS:A self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the sexual characteristics of drug abusers.HBV surface antigen and HCV antibody were detected in the serums of the participants with ELISA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The relationship between HBV/HCV co infection and the sexual behavior, numbers of sexual partners,and the usage of condom in drug abusers. RESULTS:The total prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection in drug abusers was 21.24% ; the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection in male drug abusers was 29.6% ),which was significantly higher than that in females(9.4% )(χ 2=46.016,P< 0.01).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection between male and female drug abuser whether they had or had not sexual behaviors(χ 2=3.775,P >0.05).The prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection was in an ascending tendency with the increase of sexual partner(χ 2=9.846,P< 0.05).The using frequency of condom was significantly higher in females than in males(U=14.80,P< 0.01). CONCLUSION:There is no correlation between sexual experience and prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection;male drug abusers have higher prevalence of co infection than females;the number of sexual partners is correlated with the prevalence of HBV/HCV co infection,the more sexual partners,the higher prevalence is.The protective effect of condom is greater in female drug abusers than in males.

Relationship between characteristics of drug using in female drug users and double infection of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Drug use is the most significant risk factor for viral hepatitis B and C infection. Female drug users present different drug-using characteristics from the other sex. And what about the influence of these characteristics on hepatitis B and C virus(HBV and HCV) double infection?OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship of characteristics of drug using in female drug users on the incidence of HBV and HCV double infection.DESIGN: It is a cross section investigation of female drug users in January 2002.SETTING: A laboratory separtment, an epidemiological department in a university and a drug dependency treatment unit.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 320 female drug users who were in Baimalongdrug dependency treatment unit in Zhuzhou city were recruited in this study.METHODS: The drug-using characteristics were investigated through a questionnaire and the surface antigen of HBV(HBsAg) and antibody against HCV(anti-HCV)in serum were checked with ELISA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship between HBV and HCV infection and injection of drug, injecting career and abstaining history.RESULTS:The incidence of HBV and HCV double infection in the 320 female drug users was 9. 37%. All of those with double infection were injection drug users, which was different from non-injection drug users(x2 = 6. 276,P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Longer career of drug-using meant higher possibility of double infection. The incidence of double infection (10. 3% ) in those of 5 - 10 years of drug-using career was higher than that (4.5%) of 1 - 5 years of drug-using career (x2 = 8. 344, P ＜ 0.05) . And that in those experienced more than 4times of abstaining was also higher than that less than in those experienced 3times (x2 =9. 418, P ＜ 0. 05) . Long career of drug using and repeated abstention abstaining were factors that leaded to HBV and HCV double infection (OR = 1. 923, 1. 597, 95% CI = 0. 964 - 3. 838, 0. 962 -2. 652).CONCLUSION: Injection drug use is the predominant factor that causes double infection of HBV and HCV and long career of drug using and rising in the number of times of abstaining also increase the double infection.

Effects of hypercapnia on nuclear factor-kappaB and TNF-alpha in acute lung injury models / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the effects of hypercapnia on nuclear factor-kappaB and TNF-alpha in acute lung injury models.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six of the twenty-two healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to control group (Group C), the other sixteen rabbits were injected with oleic acid (0.1 ml/kg) intravenously, then were randomized to normocapnic group (Group N, n = 8) versus hypercapnic group (Group H, n = 8). TNF-alpha of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB in the lung were analyzed after three hours' mechanical ventilation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TNF-alpha of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Group N and H was significantly higher than that in Group C (P < 0.01), and that of Group N was higher than that of Group H (P < 0.05). The expression of nuclear factor-kappaB in Group H was less than that in Group N by both immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis. Peak airway pressure in Group H was significantly lower than that in Group N and the dynamic lung compliance was significantly higher than that in Group N (P < 0.05). PaO2 in Group H was significantly higher than that in Group N (P < 0.05). Histologic damage in Group N was significantly severer than that in Group H.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypercapnia is protective in this in vivo model of ALl. The mechanisms might be associated with the prohibition of nuclear factor-kappaB and then the decreased expression of TNF-alpha by hypercapnia.</p>

Analysis of the complications in interventional treatment for Budd-Chiari syndrome / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the causes and the prevention measures of the complications occurred after interventional therapy for different type of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Methods Based on the type of BCS, the corresponding interventional management was adopted in 204 patients with BCS. The interventional procedures included PTA and stent placement of inferior vena cava (IVC), percutaneous transhepatic recanalization and dilation (PTRD) of hepatic vein, percutaneous transjugular or transinferior vena cava recanalization, dilation and stent placement of hepatic vein and transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic stenting shunt (TIPSS). Results The successful rate of interventional therapy was 95.5% (21 / 22) for type Ia, 81.8% (9 / 11) for type Ib, 97.3% (109 / 112) for type IIa, 92.9% (13 / 14) for type IIb, 88.9% (8 / 9) for type Ⅲa, 100% (2 / 2) type Ⅲb, 92% (23 / 25) for type Ⅳa and 88.9% (8 / 9) for type Ⅳb BCS. The main complications occurred during or after the operation included acute cardiac insufficiency (n = 2), pulmonary arterial embolization (n = 4), disseminated intravascular coagulation (n = 1), extravasation of contrast medium (n = 3), arrhythmia (n = 2), and cardiac tamponade (n = 1). Conclusion Interventional therapy is simple, safe and effective for the treatment of BCS, but its indications should be strictly considered and all kinds of effective prevention measures should be taken to avoid or to reduce the possible complications.

PRIMARY ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DEVERSITY OF SOYBEAN RHIZOBIA POPULATIONS FROM XINJIANG / 微生物学通报

Repetitive(repetitive extragenic palindromic,REP,and enterobaterial repetitive intergenic consensus,ERIC) sequences in conjunction with polymerase chain reaction technique(REP and ERIC PCR) were used to fingerprint the genomes of 27 isolates of indigenous soybean rhizobia from Xinjiang.The indigenous soybean rhizobia in Xinjiang can be clustered into relative genetic similarities of approximately 0.5,of which one group mainly includes all slow-growing rhizobia,another mainly includes all fast-growing stains. REP and ERIC PCR analysis demonstrate a substantial genetic variability within members of Xinjiang indigenous soybean rhizobial populations, which reveals that genetic similarities have certain geographical correlation, and isolates from the same site have relative higher similarities.The results show that REP and ERIC PCR analysis give effective means in genetic diversity and population structure analysis of soybean rhizobia.

Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Serum Lipid and the Lipases of Serum and Liver and Lung in Rats / 环境与健康杂志

0.05).The smoking group had a higher TG level and a lower HDL-C level than the control one with statistical significance(P0.05).The HL activities in serum,lung and liver of smoking group were lower than those of control group(P