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The mammalian epididymis not only plays a fundamental role in the maturation of spermatozoa, but also provides protection against various stressors. The foremost among these is the threat posed by oxidative stress, which arises from an imbalance in reactive oxygen species and can elicit damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In mice, the risk of oxidative damage to spermatozoa is mitigated through the expression and secretion of glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5) as a major luminal scavenger in the proximal caput epididymidal segment. Accordingly, the loss of GPX5-mediated protection leads to impaired DNA integrity in the spermatozoa of aged Gpx5
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Objective@#Through research on the geriatric nursing related literature in Chinese journals and medical care and elderly care combination related keywords from 1979 to 2017, this study provides the development trend of geriatric nursing research.@*Methods@#Searching articles in Wanfang, CNKI, VIP database, selecting the keywords and published time of the paper. Employing descriptive statistics to describe literatures information such as publication time, quantity of keywords, word frequency of keywords, heat degree of keywords, character of keywords and so on.@*Results@#Totally 134 791 articles were got and 58 031 articles were included in the analysis. The amount of literature growth was slow before 2005, The cumulative amount of literature in 1979-2005 was only 12.75% of the total amount of literature. After 2005, the amount of literature increased rapidly year by year. The number of literature published in 2017 has exceeded 12%. The amount of the geriatric nursing related literature was proportional to the number of people aged 65 and over in China. In the research of geriatric nursing, the content related to medical care and elderly care combination was quite dispersed, and it did not involve research at the level of Medical Association. The medical care and elderly care combination and Medical Association were new areas in the research of geriatric nursing.@*Conclusion@#The amount of the geriatric nursing related literature from 1979 to 2017 was proportional to the number of people aged 65 and over in China. There are few researches on how to carry out geriatric nursing under the policy of medical care and elderly care combination and Medical Association, which should be the focus of future research and exploration to actively respond to the challenge of aging population.
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Objective Through research on the geriatric nursing related literature in Chinese journals and medical care and elderly care combination related keywords from 1979 to 2017, this study provides the development trend of geriatric nursing research. Methods Searching articles in Wanfang, CNKI, VIP database, selecting the keywords and published time of the paper. Employing descriptive statistics to describe literatures information such as publication time, quantity of keywords, word frequency of keywords, heat degree of keywords, character of keywords and so on. Results Totally 134 791 articles were got and 58 031 articles were included in the analysis. The amount of literature growth was slow before 2005,The cumulative amount of literature in 1979-2005 was only 12.75% of the total amount of literature. After 2005, the amount of literature increased rapidly year by year. The number of literature published in 2017 has exceeded 12% . The amount of the geriatric nursing related literature was proportional to the number of people aged 65 and over in China. In the research of geriatric nursing, the content related to medical care and elderly care combination was quite dispersed, and it did not involve research at the level of Medical Association. The medical care and elderly care combination and Medical Association were new areas in the research of geriatric nursing. Conclusion The amount of the geriatric nursing related literature from 1979 to 2017 was proportional to the number of people aged 65 and over in China. There are few researches on how to carry out geriatric nursing under the policy of medical care and elderly care combination and Medical Association, which should be the focus of future research and exploration to actively respond to the challenge of aging population.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the functions and mechanisms of C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6), a gene associated with progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC), in radiosensitivity of rectal cancer (RC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis on CCR6 expression were performed in pretreatment tissues of RC patients exhibiting different therapeutic effects of radiotherapy. Colonogenic survival assay was conducted in different CRC cell lines to assess their radiosensitivity. And the impact of CCR6 expression on radiosensitivity was validated through RNA interference. The DNA damage repair (DDR) abilities of cell lines with different CCR6 expression were evaluated through immunofluorescence-based γH2AX quantification. RESULTS: The CCR6 mRNA level was higher in patients without pathologic complete remission (pCR) than in those with pCR (fold changed, 2.11; p=0.004). High-level expression of CCR6 protein was more common in the bad responders than in the good responders (76.3% vs. 37.5%, p < 0.001). The CRC cell lines with higher CCR6 expression (LoVo and sw480) appeared to be more radioresistant, compared with the sw620 cell line which had lower CCR6 expression. CCR6 knockdown made the LoVo cells more sensitive to ionizing radiation (sensitization enhancement ratio, 1.738; p < 0.001), and decreased their DDR efficiency. CONCLUSION: CCR6 might affect the RC radiosensitivity through DDR process. These findings supported CCR6 as a predicting biomarker of radiosensitivity and a potential target of radiosensitization for RC patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line , Colorectal Neoplasms , DNA Damage , Genes, vif , Neoplasm Metastasis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Radiation Tolerance , Radiation, Ionizing , Radiotherapy , Rectal Neoplasms , RNA Interference , RNA, Messenger , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of PDCA management combined with brainstorming on the nursing cooperation degree and adverse events in digestive endoscopy therapy.Methods: 500 patients received digestive endoscopy were divided into control group (n=250) and observation group (n=250) according to the number table method. The patients of control group received routine nursing care of digestive endoscopy room, and the patients of observation group adopted PDCA management method combined with brainstorming method to carry out nursing analysis and research. The nursing cooperation degree and adverse events of two groups were observed and researched. Results: The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (x2=10.28, P<0.05). SAS score of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (t=12.54, P<0.05). And the nursing satisfaction degree of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (x2= 26.08, P<0.05). And the complication of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (x2=16.33, P<0.05). Besides, the incidence of adverse events of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (x2=16.10,P<0.05).Conclusion: PDCA management combined with brainstorming can effectively enhance the nursing cooperation degree and reduce the adverse events of patients who received digestive endoscopy therapy.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of calcitriol on related indicators in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS:114 patients with CRF were randomly divided into observation group(57 cases)and control group(57 cas-es). Control group was given high-quality low-protein and low phosphorus diet,if necessary,phosphate binders,Calcium D3 tablet and other conventional treatment;observation group was additionally given 0.25 μg Calcitriol soft capsule,once a day. The treat-ment course for both groups was 8 weeks. Serum levels of inflammatory factors,alkaline phosphatase,hemoglobin,erythrocyte, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and adverse reactions in 2 groups before and after treatment were observed. RESULTS:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the serum levels of inflammatory factors,alkaline phosphatase,hemoglobin, erythrocyte,senum creatininine and ureanitrogen between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,serum inflammatory factors,alkaline phosphatase,serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels in 2 groups were significantly shorter than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P0.05). And there was no obvious adverse reac-tions between 2 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,calcitriol can reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors and improve micro-inflammatory state and renal function in patients with CRF.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the combined detection of serum human epididymis protein 4(HE4) ,carbo‐hydrate antigen125(CA125) ,carbohydrate antigen199(CA199) and carbohydrate antigen724(CA724) in the early diagnosis of ovar‐ian cancer .Methods 40 cases of ovarian cancer verified by pathological examination (ovarian cancer group) ,40 cases of ovarian be‐nign tumor (ovarian benign tumor group) and 40 individuals undergoing the physical examination(healthy control group) were se‐lected .The levels of CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 were measured by the electrochemiluminescence method ,the HE4 level was meas‐ured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) .The values of single index detection and the combined detection in diag ‐nosing ovarian cancer were analyzed .Results Serum HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 levels and positive rates in the ovarian cancer group were significantly higher than those in the ovarian benign tumor group and the healthy control group (P 0 .05) .The positive rate of the combined detection was 92 .5% ,which was significantly higher than the single index detection (P < 0 .05) .In the comparison of HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 single detection ,the sensitivity and specificity of HE4 detection were best .The detection rates of the stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ of ovarian cancer in the combined detection were significantly higher than that in the single index detection (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The combined detection of serum HE4 ,CA125 ,CA199 and CA724 might increase the detection rate of early di‐agnosis of ovarian cancer .
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This study was purpose to establish the transgenic mouse models of the truncated platelet integrin β3 by retrovirus-infected hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation and to provide the basis for further study of the role of integrin β3 cytoplasmic domain in platelet bi-directional signaling pathways. Wild-type β3, β3-Δ759 (R(760) GT(762) truncated β3) and β3-Δ754 (T(755) NITYRGT(762) truncated β3) cDNAs were subcloned into MSCV MigR1 retroviral vector bearing a GFP gene and packaged into infective retrovirus with BOSC23 cell strain. The bone marrow HSCs of the β3 deficient mice were infected by the retroviruses, and transplanted into lethally-irradiated wild type C57BL/6 mice. GFP positive rate and surface β3 expression of the recipients' platelets at 6 to 8 weeks after transplantation were detected by flow cytometry to evaluate the transgenic efficiency. The results showed that four kinds of transgenic mouse models including vector, wild-type β3, β3-Δ759 and β3-Δ754 were established successfully. GFP positive rates of transgenic mouse platelets ranged from 18% to 66% and the β3 expression of transgenic mouse reached heterozygote (β3(+/-) level of mouse). It is concluded that establishment of transgenic mouse models mediated by retrovirus-infected HSCs transplantation is a feasible, fast, and high throughput transgenic approach and laid a solid foundation for further research on the role of integrin β3 cytoplasmic domain for bi-directional signaling of platelets in vivo, and for the gene therapy of platelet disorders.
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Animals , Mice , Blood Platelets , Metabolism , Genetic Vectors , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Integrin beta3 , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Retroviridae , GeneticsABSTRACT
Serum enzymes that play potential roles in tumor growth have recently been reported to have prognostic relevance in a diverse array of tumors. However, prognosis-related serum enzymes are rarely reported for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). To clarify whether the level of serum enzymes is linked to the prognosis of NPC, we reviewed the pretreatment data of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and glutamyl transferase (GGT) in 533 newly diagnosed NPC patients who underwent radical radiotherapy between May 2002 and October 2003 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Patients were grouped according to the upper limit of normal values of LDH, ALP, and GGT. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for selecting prognostic factors from clinical characteristics and serum enzymes, and the chi-square test was applied to analyze the relationships of clinical characteristics and serum enzymes. Finally, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the independent prognostic factors. We found that increased levels of LDH had poor effects on both overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.009 and 0.035, respectively), and increased pretreatment level of serum ALP had poor effects on both overall survival and local recurrence-free survival (P = 0.037 and 0.039, respectively). In multivariate analysis, increased LDH level was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Therefore, we conclude that increased pretreatment serum LDH and ALP levels are poor prognostic factors for NPC.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alkaline Phosphatase , Blood , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Cisplatin , Fluorouracil , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Blood , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Blood , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted , Radiotherapy, Conformal , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated , Survival Rate , gamma-Glutamyltransferase , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the specific serum peptide profile by comparing the serum differences between nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (NPC) and normal control subjects, and to provide a diagnostic model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pre-treatment serum samples of NPC and normal control subjects were collected and assayed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The peptides were extracted with magnetic beads coated with WCX. Mass spectrographic data were analyzed with ClinProt(TM) software. The specific serum peptide model of NPC was established by using genetic algorithms. The sensitivity and specificity of model were tested by blind testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum peptidome patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was obtained. Differential expression of 99 peptide peaks was deteced, and the 808.99 Da, 834.61 Da, 3954.82 Da, 8141.88 Da peptide peaks showing statistically significant differences between the two groups, were used to establish the diagnostic model for nasopharyngeal cancer. The recognition rate and predictive power of the model were 90.0% and 84.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 80.0% and 64.0% determined by blind testing, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Significant differences of serum peptide peaks are detected between NPC and normal control groups. The established specific serum peptide model may have certain application in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and provides the basis for discovering specific tumor markers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.</p>
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Humans , Algorithms , Biomarkers, Tumor , Blood , Blood Proteins , Metabolism , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Blood , Diagnosis , Peptide Mapping , Methods , Proteome , Metabolism , Proteomics , Methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of chlorogenic acid on disordered glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen 5-6-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db-CGA group (n=7) and db/db-CON group (n=6), and thirteen 5-6-week-old male db/m mice were randomly divided into db/m-CGA group (n=6) and db/m-CON group (n=7). Mice in the CGA groups were administrated with CGA 80 mg/(kg·d)by gavage, and mice in the CON groups were administrated with PBS in the same volume by gavage. Twelve weeks later, the level of biomedical parameters in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle were determined, the concentrations of adiponectin and visfatin in visceral adipose, and the mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) as well as the protein level of PPAR-α in liver were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve weeks after CGA administration, the levels of triglycerides in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle and the fasting plasma glucose in db/db-CGA group were significantly lower than those in db/db-CON group(P<0.05). The muscle glycogen level was significantly higher than that in db/db-CON group (P<0.05), and the adiponectin concentration was significantly higher than that in db/db-CON group ( P<0.01) and lower than that in db/m-CGA group(P<0.05). The visfatin concentration in db/db-CGA group was significantly lower than that in db/db-CON group (P<0.01) and significantly higher than that in db/m-CGA group(P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of G-6-Pase was significantly down-regulated in db/db-CGA group when compared with db/db-CON group (P<0.05). Both the mRNA and the protein expression levels of PPAR-α were significantly up-regulated in db/db-CGA group(P<0.05) compared with in db/db-CON group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CGA improves the disordered glucose/lipid metabolism in db/db mice, which is speculated to be related with its role in modulating the adipokines secretion, up-regulating hepatic PPAR-α, and inhibiting G-6-Pase expression.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Adiponectin , Metabolism , Chlorogenic Acid , Pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Glucose , Metabolism , Glucose-6-Phosphatase , Metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Liver , Metabolism , PPAR alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The consumption of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages (CEs) has been known to be more effective than plain water for recovery from dehydration. This phenomenon suggests that the ingestion of CEs after dehydration is better than water for maintaining body fluid and plasma volume, and for the recovery from hemoconcentration and high blood viscosity as well. High blood viscosity causes infarction and other cardiovascular events. In this study, CE was compared with water and tea for the ability to reduce increased blood viscosity after dehydration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A crossover random control study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of three beverages for rehydration and decreasing of blood viscosity. Following exercise-induced dehydration of 2.2% of body weight in a permanent warm environment, 10 male subjects rested in a thermoneutral environment for 3 hours (rehydration period, REP). The subjects ingested test beverages equal to their body weight loss during the first 20 minutes in REP. Blood and urine samples were obtained throughout the experiments to assess the rehydration effect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The change in blood viscosity at a shear rate of 5/s was significantly lower in CE ((-1.66 ± 0.21) mPa×s) in comparison to water ((-0.95 ± 0.26) mPa×s) or tea ((-0.92 ± 0.14) mPa×s) at 60th minute during the REP. The fluid retention rate was significantly greater for CE ((77.0 ± 3.9)%) than water ((61.2 ± 3.4)%) and tea ((60.5 ± 3.7)%) for 3 hours of rest in REP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The recovery from high blood viscosity induced by dehydration was higher with CE consumption than with water or tea. These results suggest that CE is useful for normalizing increased blood viscosity due to exercise-induced dehydration.</p>
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Humans , Male , Beverages , Blood Viscosity , Carbohydrates , Dehydration , ElectrolytesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Anemia can not only reduce the quality of life of patients with cancer, but also affect their survival. This study was to investigate the prognostic value of hemoglobin (Hb) level in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 520 NPC patients received definitive radiotherapy between 2000 and 2002 at Sun Yat sen University Cancer Center were analyzed. Patients were stratified into normal Hb level and anemia groups according to their Hb levels before, during, and after radiation. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria as Hb level < 130 g/L in men and < 120 g/L in women. Hb continuous decrease group and non decrease group were defined according to Hb changes in the patients during radiotherapy. Loco regional recurrence free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model to analyze the prognostic factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before radiation, the 5 year LRFS rates were 60.9% in anemia group and 63.9% in normal Hb level group (P = 0.337); the 5 year OS rates were 65.2% and 71.0%, respectively (P = 0.299). During radiation, the 5 year LRFS rates were 56.7% in anemia group and 67.9% in normal Hb level group (P = 0.013); the 5 year OS rates were 61.0% and 75.9%, respectively (P = 0.001). After radiation, the 5 year LRFS rates were 59.6% in anemia group and 64.9% in normal Hb level group (P = 0.169); the 5 year OS rates were 65.0% and 71.9%, respectively (P = 0.090). The 5 year LRFS and OS rates were significantly lower in Hb continuous decrease group than in Hb non decrease group (59.1% vs. 69.3%, P = 0.032; 66.2% vs. 76.4%, P=0.011). Multivariate analysis showed that the continuous decrease of Hb was an independent prognostic factor for OS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The change in Hb level during radiotherapy is an important prognostic factor affecting the OS of NPC patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Age Factors , Anemia , Blood , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Carcinoma , Cisplatin , Fluorouracil , Follow-Up Studies , Hemoglobins , Metabolism , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Blood , Drug Therapy , Radiotherapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm Staging , Particle Accelerators , Proportional Hazards Models , Radiotherapy, High-Energy , Survival RateABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a eukaryotic expression vector encoding the gene of extracellular region of mouse B7-H4, to express it in yeast cell line and to determine its biological activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The extracellular region of the mouse B7-H4 gene was amplified with Xho I and EcoR I by PCR from a mouse B7-H4 chimeric plasmid. Digested with Xho I and EcoR I, the mB7-H4 gene was inserted into the yeast expression plasmid Ppic9. The DNA sequence was confirmed by double digestion and the Ppic9-mB7-H4 plasmid was transfected into the yeast cells. The expression of mB7-H4 was confirmed by PCR, Western Blot and ELISA analysis, and its biological function was determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ppic9-mB7-H4 transfectants expressed mB7-H4 in yeast cells, and mB7-H4 effectively inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes with a fractional inhibition rate of 28.3 % and inhibited IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma production with fractional inhibition rates of 68.8%, 78.8%, 67.6% and 77.7%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The eukaryotic expression plasmid mouse B7-H4 has been successfully constructed and the expressed products of B7-H4 possess biological activity.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , B7-1 Antigen , Genetics , Pichia , Genetics , Metabolism , Recombinant Proteins , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the recombinant adenovirus containing B7-H4 gene with AdEasy XL system and to identify its biological activities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full-length mouse B7-H4 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from C57 mouse lung and put into T vector, then verified by sequencing. Digested with Xhol I and EcoR V the B7-H4 gene was inserted into pshuttle-CMW(PSC). Pme I linearized shuttle plasmid was transformed into E.coli BJ5183-AD-1 to obtain the recombinant adenoviral plasmid pAd-mB7-H4 by efficient homologous recombination. Then the recombinant adenovirus-mB7-H4/Ad was obtained by packaging Pac I linearized in D-293 cells. The mRNA and protein expression of B7-H4 in mB7-H4/Ad infected AD-293 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. mB7-H4/Ad was used to infect L929 cells, the bioactivity of expressed B7-H4 in stimulation of T lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine production were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The full-length of mB7-H4 was cloned from mouse lung tissue cDNA and verified by sequencing. The recombinant plasmid pAd-m B7-H4 was successfully generated by homologous recombination, and the primary mB7-H4/Ad was obtained by packaging pAd-B7-H4 in AD-293 cells. Compared with the negative control, L929 cells infected with mB7-H4/Ad effectively inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes and cytokines production.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bioactive recombinant adenovirus mB7-H4/Ad has been successfully constructed.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Adenoviridae , Genetics , B7-1 Antigen , Genetics , Cloning, Molecular , Escherichia coli , Genetics , Metabolism , Genetic Vectors , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Plasmids , Genetics , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Transfection , V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the situation of tuberculosis (TB) infection among the employees of the anti-TB institutions in Henan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cross-sectional study was adopted the employees working in all municipal-level- anti-TB institutions and 40 anti-TB institutions at county-level selected randomly from 109 counties of the province were regarded as surveyed objects. Tuberculin skin test (TST) was used to test the infection with PPD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2153 employees accepting the TST and the positive rate was 60.6%, of which the positive rate was 66.1% among healthcare workers. Among the employees and healthcare workers, the positive rates of TST adjusted by the stratum weights between municipal-level and county-level institutions were 57.3% and 62.8% respectively with Chi-square test the analysis of multivariate logistic vegression, both positive rate and strong positive rate among healthcare workers, the employees older than 30 years of age and working in municipal-level institutions were significantly higher than those among non-healthcare workers, the employees younger than 30 years old and working in county-level institutions, respectively. There were not significant differences of positive and strong positive rates between employees with and without BCG-history, or between male employees and female employees.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Program on TB infection control in anti-TB institutions of Henan were weak and the employees especiolly healthcare workers had a high vocational exposure.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Chronic Disease , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Occupational Diseases , Epidemiology , Personnel, Hospital , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Tuberculin Test , Tuberculosis , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess effects of different class II cavities on stresses of amalgam and composite resin restoration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five kinds of class II MO cavities were prepared on the first molars of mandibles. The cavities were filled by amalgam and composite resin, respectively. The stresses were analyzed by using three-dimensional finite element method, after vertical and lateral pressures were loaded on the teeth.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stresses were greater in traditional cavities than those in reformed cavities when 100 N vertical and lateral pressures were loaded on the teeth. But the pressing stress and shearing stress in cavities filled by amalgam were smaller in traditional cavities than those in reformed cavities. The stresses were smaller in cavities filled by resin than those in cavities filled by amalgam significantly, when the cavities were designed with slot retention groove, without slot retention groove and as plate form. The stresses were smaller in two kinds of slot and plate cavities than those in traditional and reformed cavities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is better to design cavity with slot retention groove for amalgam restoration and to design cavity without slot retention groove for composite resin restoration.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Composite Resins , Reference Standards , Dental Amalgam , Reference Standards , Dental Cavity Preparation , Methods , Models, Dental , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Methods , Dental Stress Analysis , Methods , Finite Element Analysis , Mandible , MolarABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the causes,preventions and treatments of vaginal bleeding of pregnancy.Methods:From April 2001 to October 2004,1180 cases of vaginal bleeding of pregnancy in outpatient service of our hospital excluded placenta previa and placenta abruption by type B ultrasonography were diagnosed by the gynecological examination and then analyzed between.Results:The cases of vaginal bleeding of pregnancy were diagnosed.256 cases were threatened abortion(22.34%).153 cases were preterm labor(15.34%).278 cases were vaginitis(23.34%).14 cases were cervical erosion(9.61%).324 case were cervical polypus(27.31%).2 cases were cervical cancer(0.17%).16 cases were urethritis(1.35%).4 cases were anal fissure and hemorrhoid(0.34%).Conclusion:Vaginal bleeding of pregnancy was often in the conditions of cervicitis and vaginitis.The effective treatment methods were treatment before pregnancy and causal treatment.