ABSTRACT
Egypt began training of physicians in case management of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the 1980s and 1990s respectively. Data from an independent assessment demonstrate the impact of training in the use of clinical practice guidelines on the quality of clinical examinations of 579 children presenting with diarrhoea or ARI. These examinations were conducted by 115 government physicians in 80 government health facilities and in two Egyptian governorates. The quality of care, although better than that in the past, remains poor, and training had little effect. Poor examinations were related to misclassification and inappropriate treatment of serious illnesses. Such errors have potentially serious consequences. Egypt is now implementing the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy. This effort should be independently assessed to measure the improvement in the quality of care provided by government health facilities in Egypt.