The added value of SLN mapping with indocyanine green in low- and intermediate-risk endometrial cancer management: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 부인종양

Objective@#The aim of this study was to assess the SLN detection rate in presumed early stage, low- and intermediate-risk endometrial cancers, the incidence of SLN metastases, and the negative predictive value of SLN mapping performed with indocyanine green (ICG). @*Methods@#A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted. Study inclusion criteria were A) low- and intermediate-risk endometrial cancer, B) the use of ICG per cervical injection; C) a minimum of twenty included patients per study. To assess the negative predictive value of SLN mapping, D) a subsequent lymphadenectomy was an additional inclusion criterion. @*Results@#Fourteen studies were selected, involving 2,117 patients. The overall and bilateral SLN detection rates were 95.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]=92.4%–97.9%) and 76.5% (95% CI=68.1%–84.0%), respectively. The incidence of SLN metastases was 9.6% (95% CI=5.1%–15.2%) in patients with grade 1–2 endometrial cancer and 11.8% (95% CI=8.1%–16.1%) in patients with grade 1–3 endometrial cancer. The negative predictive value of SLN mapping was 100% (95% CI=98.8%–100%) in studies that included grade 1–2 endometrial cancer and 99.2% (95% CI=97.9%–99.9%) in studies that also included grade 3. @*Conclusion@#SLN mapping with ICG is feasible with a high detection rate and negative predictive value in low- and intermediate-risk endometrial cancers. Given the incidence of SLN metastases is approximately 10% in those patients, SLN mapping may lead to stage shifting with potential therapeutic consequences. Given the high negative predictive value with SLN mapping, routine lymphadenectomy should be omitted in low- and intermediate-risk endometrial cancer.

The quality of life, situations and emerging concerns of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Philippine Children's Medical Center during COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND@#COVID-19 resulted in a public health emergency and quarantine measures which may negatively impact vulnerable populations.@*OBJECTIVES@#This study intends to determine the quality of life, situations and emerging concerns of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders during the ongoing pandemic. @*METHODOLOGY@#A cross-sectional survey using a socio-demographic questionnaire, situations and emerging concerns during the coronavirus pandemic and WHOQOL-BREF (Filipino version) for parental quality of life was documented via Google Forms. Parents of patients aged 2-18 years seen at the PCMC Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics OPD during July to December 2019 were recruited.@*RESULTS@#Data from 115 respondents showed a lower score in the environmental domain. Child characteristics comparable with QoL scores include sex, severity of ID and ADHD while parent characteristics comparable with the QoL scores include educational attainment, monthly family income, father’s employment status and family structure (P-value <0.05). Most respondents reported situations of physical distancing (82.61%) and curfew (80.87%). Inability to access essential services (43.48-74.48%) were further compounded by limited financial resources (51.30%) and public transport (60%). Government policy received included quarantine pass (90.43%), food allowance or relief package (86.09%), disinfection (60.87%), DSWD-SAP (42.61%) and cash distribution (41.74%).@*RECOMMENDATIONS@#Programs and policies should be planned accordingly to provide improvement of quality of life to parents and their child with neurodevelopmental disorder.

Tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplásico durante el embarazo. Reporte de un caso / Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor during pregnancy. A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: el tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplásico es una neoplasia poco frecuente del sistema nervioso central que causa crisis convulsivas focales resistentes al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes jóvenes; su manifestación durante el embarazo es excepcional. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente femenina de 33 años de edad, con antecedente de tres embarazos y que, durante el cuarto, en la semana 12, inició con crisis convulsivas. El diagnóstico, por resonancia magnética nuclear, fue de tumor en el lóbulo frontal izquierdo, razón por la que se vigiló estrechamente hasta el final del embarazo, que concluyó por parto, sin ninguna complicación. Debido a que en la segunda resonancia magnética se evidenció el crecimiento de la lesión, se decidió la resección quirúrgica. El diagnóstico histopatológico informó que se trató de un tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplásico. Aunque hubo una influencia del embarazo en el comportamiento y crecimiento de este tipo de tumor, no fue posible observar la expresión de receptores hormonales en las células del tumor y el tratamiento no se modificó por la gestación. CONCLUSIONES: la repercusión del embarazo en el tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplásico no se explica por la influencia de las hormonas; este tipo de tumor sigue siendo una neoplasia benigna en el contexto de una gestación, porque no ha mostrado complicaciones que pongan en riesgo la vida de la madre y su feto.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is a less frequently primary central nervous system neoplasm that causes focal seizures resistant to pharmacological treatment in young patients and its presentation during pregnancy is very rare. CASE REPORT: We report here the case of a 33 years old woman who started with seizures at 12th week of her fourth gestation. She was diagnosed by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with a left frontal lobe tumor and was observed carefully until the end of pregnancy solved by delivery without any complication. Second magnetic resonance was performed that evidenced enlargement of the injury, therefore resection was carried out and histopathological diagnosis was for dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. Although it was observed an influence of pregnancy on clinical behavior and growth of this kind of tumor we did not find expression of hormonal receptors in the cells of the lesion and treatment was not modified by gestation. CONCLUSIONS: So impact of pregnancy on dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is not explained by a hormonal influence and this kind of tumor stills being a benign neoplasm in the context of gestation, since it has shown no risk of maternal and fetal life threatening complications.

Performance of New Biomarkers of Nephropathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: It is known that laboratorial tests (urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate), routinely used for nephropathy diagnosis in type 1 diabetes (T1DM), have limitations that justify the evaluation of new renal biomarkers. This study assessed the performance of cystatin C, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) for nephropathy diagnosis in T1DM patients. The reduction of economic cost and increase in sensibility and specificity from correct biochemical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is an important objective of this work. Methods: Cystatin C, AP and GGT were determined in plasma and urine of healthy individuals (N=35) and T1DM patients with (N=45) and without nephropathy (N=80). Results: The plasma levels of cystatin C, AP and GGT, as well as urinary levels of cystatin C and AP were able to differentiate diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. Plasma cystatin C better followed the progression of albuminuria. Cystatin C and AP discriminated the onset of nephropathy in T1DM patients better than creatinine. AP plasma/urine ratio progressively increased from the controls to the diabetic patients without and with nephropathy. Conclusion: The plasma levels of cystatin C and AP may be useful, with the classical markers of renal function, for nephropathy diagnosis and monitoring in T1DM patients.

Reflexión bioética sobre trasplantes de pulmón / Bioethics reflection about lung transplant

Despite a substantial improvement in organ transplant techniques and rejections methods, Chile still exhibits an apparent lack of adequate increase of lung transplants. In particular, despite the presence of precise indicactions of lung transplant, the problem of limited donors is a very difficult reality for the receptors. In this work, we offer a comparison amongst Chile and Spain, with special emphasis on bioethical aspects of this process.

A pesar de los avances que ha experimentado la técnica de los trasplantes de órganos y la mejora en manejo del rechazo, en nuestro país no se advierte un crecimiento adecuado a las necesidades de los trasplantes del sistema respiratorio requeridos. Si bien existen indicaciones precisas de trasplante pulmonar, el problema de la escasez de donantes es una dificultad concreta para los enfermos. Se revisa y compara nuestra situación con la de España y se analizan algunos aspectos bioéticos que surgen de este proceso.

Rehabilitación dental y trastornos temporomandibulares en adolescentes de Puebla, México / Temporomandibular dental rehabilitation and adolescent disorders of Puebla, México

OBJETIVO: determinar el factor de riesgo para desarrollar trastornos temporomandibulares en adolescentes (TTM). METODOLOGIA: cohorte prospectiva realizada en 153 adolescentes, (52,9% mujeres y 47% hombres) libres de TTM. Para diagnosticar los TTM se utilizaron los Criterios Diagnósticos para la Investigación de los TTM (CDI/TTM), para determinar caries se aplicó el índice CPOD. Se formaron dos grupos, el grupo expuesto a rehabilitación dental (74), y el grupo no expuesto (79). Se realizaron seguimientos a las dos semanas, tres y seis meses de la rehabilitación dental. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y se calculó el riesgo relativo con intervalos de confianza al 95%. Para el grupo de los expuestos, se incluyeron adolescentes libres de TTM en los que fue necesario realizar tratamiento de rehabilitación dental en órganos posteriores con caries en esmalte y dentina en fosas y fisuras. Para el grupo no expuesto, se incluyeron adolescentes pareados por edad y sexo con los expuestos, libres de TTM sin necesidades de rehabilitación dental. RESULTADOS : la incidencia de TTM a los quince días de los expuestos (18,9%) fue superior en contraste con los no expuestos (5,0%). El riesgo relativo de desarrollar TTM en los adolescentes rehabilitados con resina a las dos semanas posteriores a la rehabilitación fue de 2.412 (I.C. 95% 1.001-5,81) veces más que en aquellos que no fueron sometidos a la rehabilitación. CONCLUSION:la rehabilitación dental es un factor de riesgo mínimo para desarrollar TTM a corto plazo (15 días) de realizado el procedimiento, dicho padecimiento inducido por la rehabilitación dental es agudo y auto limitante.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the risk factor involved with developing temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adolescents. METHODOLOGY: Prospective cohort study carried out on 153 TMD-free adolescents (52.9% women and 47% women). In order to diagnose TMDs the Diagnostic Criteria for Research into TMDs (CDI/TMD), and the CPOD index was used to determine cavities. Two groups were formed: one exposed to dental rehabilitation (74) and one group unexposed (79). Follow-ups were performed two weeks, three months and six months after dental rehabilitation. Descriptive statistics were used and the relative risk was calculated with confidence intervals at 95%. Included in the exposed group were TMDfree adolescents in whom it was necessary to carry out dental rehabilitation treatment on rear teeth with cavities using enamel and dentin to fill in pits and fissures. Included in the unexposed group were adolescents paired with the exposed group based on age and sex, TMD-free and without the need for dental rehabilitation. RESULTS :The incidence of TMD two weeks subsequently in the exposed group (18.9%) was greater in contrast with the unexposed group (5.0%). The relative risk of carrying out TMD on adolescents rehabilitated with resin two weeks after rehabilitation was 2.412 (C.I. 95% 1.001-5.81) times more than in those that did not undergo rehabilitation. CONCLUSION:Dental rehabilitation is a minimum risk factor for carrying out TMD in the short term (two weeks) after the procedure, as this disease induced by rehabilitation is acute and self-limiting.

Rehabilitación estética del sector anterior con cerámica libre de metal. Reporte de caso / Esthetic rehabilitation of the anterior sector with metal-free ceramic. Case Report

Los requerimientos esteticos en la odontología actual son bastante altos por parte de nuestros pacientes y los profesionales deben estar capacitados para ofrecer las mejores alternativas técnicas y procedimentales. Además el profesional debe de estar preparado en las diferentes  áreas de la odontología para así identificar los procedimientos más adecuados a realizar. El objetivo de éste trabajo enfocó el manejo multidisciplinario en la rehabilitación del sector anterosuperior con la participación de las especialidades de endodoncia, periodoncia y rehabilitación oral. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios para el paciente ya que se logró rehabilitar adecuadamente las piezas dentales involucradas desde un punto de vista estético y funcional. Concluimos que en la odontología actual en donde la estética prima en nuestros tratamientos el profesional debe de estar capacitado para poder saber elegír los materiales más adecuados para sus tratamientos sin descuidar los aspectos funcionales.

The current dental aesthetic requirements are quite high by our patients and professionals must be able to offer the best technical and procedural alternatives. Also the professional must be prepared in different areas of dentistry to thus identify the most appropriate procedures to carry out. The aim of this work focused on the multidisciplinary handling in the rehabilitation of the anterosuperior sector with the participation of the specialties of Endodontics, Periodontics and oral rehabilitation. The results obtained were satisfactory for the patient since it managed to properly rehabilitate the teeth involved from an aesthetic and functional point of view. We conclude that current dentistry where aesthetic prevails in our treatments professional must be able to to know how to choose the most appropriate materials for their treatments without neglecting functional aspects.

Vigilancia nacional de tos convulsa, coqueluche o pertussis: experiencia del hospital Garrahan y de los laboratorios nacionales de referencia / National vigilance program for whooping cough or pertussis: Experience of the Garrahan Hospital and national reference laboratories

Pertussis es una enfermedad particularmente grave en menores de 1 año. No sólo no se ha podido erradicar pese al uso de vacunas por más de cincuenta años, sino que en la actualidad ha reemergido. En junio del 2010 se registró uno de los mayores brotes de coqueluche de los Estados Unidos, con 910 casos confirmados. En la Argentina se ha venido registrando un aumento significativo de casos de pertussis. En este trabajo se presentan datos nacionales y de nuestro hospital confirmados por cultivo y/o métodos moleculares (PCR). Durante el período 2008-2010 se registraron anualmente en nuestro país entre 600 y 1.000 casos con sintomatología compatible y en el Hospital Garrahan entre 110 y 150. La confirmación se concretó en alrededor de 24% de los casos nacionales y entre un 7% y un 36,4% en el hospital. Los datos obtenidos en los laboratorios nacionales de referencia muestran un registro actual que vuelve a alcanzar los valores del 2008, luego de un descenso en el 2009. En el Hospital Garrahan, un aumento relativo en el número de casos sospechosos no confirmados podría estar vinculados a cuadros respiratorios compatibles con pertussis producidos por otros agentes etiológicos. Más allá de las variaciones anuales se puede observar la vigencia de esta enfermedad en la Argentina. Desde el punto de vista de la prevención es importante destacar que muchos de estos niños no habían recibido el esquema de vacunación completo (la mayoría de los casos se registró en menores de 6 meses). (AU)

Pertussis is a especially severe illness in infants. The use of vaccines during more than 50 years could not eradicate this illness, that now it has reemerged. In June 2010 one of the greatest outbreaks of coqueluche was recorded in the United States, with 910 confirmed cases. In Argentina, a significant increase of pertussis cases was recorded. In the present study both national and hospital data is presented, including cases confirmed by culture and/or molecular methods (PCR). During 2008-2010 between 600 and 1,000 cases were recorded in our country, and between 110 and 150 at the Hospital Garrahan. Confirmation was done in almost 24% of national cases and between 7% and 36.4% in the hospital. Data obtained by national reference laboratories showed that cases decreased from 2007 to 2008, to regain similar numbers in 2009. In the Hospital Garrahan a relative increase of non-confirmed suspected cases could be related to respiratory syndromes due to other agents but compatible with pertussis. Beyond annual fluctuations the prevalence of this illness in Argentina can be observed. From the prevention point of view it is very important to highlight that many of these children have not received the complete vaccination scheme (most of cases have been recorded in less than 6-month-old children) (AU)

Effect of acute administration of ketamine and imipramine on creatine kinase activity in the brain of rats / Efeito da administração aguda da cetamina e imipramina sobre a atividade da creatina quinase no encéfalo de ratos

OBJECTIVE: Clinical findings suggest that ketamine may be used for the treatment of major depression. The present study aimed to compare behavioral effects and brain Creatine kinase activity in specific brain regions after administration of ketamine and imipramine in rats. METHOD: Rats were acutely given ketamine or imipramine and antidepressant-like activity was assessed by the forced swimming test; Creatine kinase activity was measured in different regions of the brain. RESULTS: The results showed that ketamine (10 and 15mg/kg) and imipramine (20 and 30mg/kg) reduced immobility time when compared to saline group. We also observed that ketamine (10 and 15mg/kg) and imipramine (20 and 30mg/kg) increased Creatine kinase activity in striatum and cerebral cortex. Ketamine at the highest dose (15mg/kg) and imipramine (20 and 30mg/kg) increased Creatine kinase activity in cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, hippocampus was not affected. CONCLUSION: Considering that metabolism impairment is probably involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders, the modulation of energy metabolism (like increase in Creatine kinase activity) by antidepressants could be an important mechanism of action of these drugs.

OBJETIVO: Vários achados clínicos sugerem que a cetamina apresenta efeito antidepressivo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar efeitos comportamentais e a atividade da creatina quinase em regiões específicas do encéfalo após a administração de cetamina e imipramina em ratos. MÉTODO: Ratos Wistar receberam uma administração aguda de cetamina ou imipramina e a atividade antidepressiva foi avaliada pelo teste de nado forçado; a atividade da creatina quinase foi medida em diferentes regiões encefálicas. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que a cetamina (10 e 15mg/kg) e a imipramina (20 e 30mg/kg) diminuíram o tempo de imobilidade quando comparados ao grupo salina. Também foi observado que a cetamina (10 e 15mg/kg) e a imipramina (20 e 30mg/kg) aumentaram a atividade da creatina quinase no estriado e córtex cerebral. A dose mais alta de cetamina (15mg/kg) e a imipramina (20 e 30mg/kg) aumentaram a atividade da creatina quinase no cerebelo e córtex pré-frontal. Por outro lado, o hipocampo não foi alterado. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando que a diminuição no metabolismo provavelmente está envolvida na fisiopatologia da depressão, a modulação do metabolismo energético (como um aumento na atividade da creatina quinase) por antidepressivos pode ser um importante mecanismo de ação destes fármacos.

Caracterização do desempenho motor em escolares com transtorno de déficit de atenção com hiperatividade / Characterization of motor performance in students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objetivos: Caracterizar e comparar o desempenho motor de escolares com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) com o desempenho de escolares com desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor normal e verificar a ocorrência de Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC) nos escolares com TDAH deste estudo. Método: Participaram deste estudo 30 escolares de 1ª a 4ª séries, na faixa etária de 6 a 12 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em 2 grupos: GI - composto de 15 escolares com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDA/H) e GII - composto de 15 escolares com desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor normal. Foi aplicado o Exame Motor para o diagnóstico de Déficit de Atenção, Controle Motor e Percepção (DAMP). Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram diferença estatisticamente significativa, revelando que o GI apresentou desempenho inferior em provas de habilidades motoras grossa e fina. Conclusão: Os escolares com TDAH deste estudo, por apresentarem desempenho inferior no exame motor, possuem quadro de TDC em comorbidade, não sendo, portanto, os problemas de coordenação aqui evidenciados características do TDAH.

Aims: To characterize and to compare the motor performance of students with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with the performance of students with normal neuropsicomotor development and to verify the occurrence of Disorder Coordination Development (DCD). Method: 30 students from 2nd to 4th grades participated, from both genders, ranging from 6 to 12 years old, distributed in: GI: 15 students with ADHD and GII: 15 students with normal neuropsicomotor development, paired according to gender and age with GI. The Motor Examination was conducted for diagnosisof Deficit of Attention, Motor Control and Perception (DAMP). Results: The results evidenced a significant statistical difference, revealing that GI presented inferior performance in the fine and gross motor skills tests. Conclusion: Once students with ADHD presented inferior performance in the motor examination in this study, they can have DCD as comorbidity, not being, however, the coordination disorders shown here characteristic of ADHD.

Rhabdoid choroid plexus carcinoma: a rare histological type

Primary central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors mostly occur during early childhood and are almost invariably fatal. These tumors show similar histological and radiological features to primitive neuroectodermal tumor, meduloblastoma and choroid plexus carcinoma, but present different biological behaviors. We present the case of an 18 year-old man who presented headache, vomiting and ataxia. CT-scan and MRI revealed a posterior fossa tumor. A gross total resection was performed. An intraoperative study showed papillary-like tumors with large cells and mitotic features. Histological examination showed two different main growth patterns: solid sheets of undifferentiated polygonal cells with papillary features and rhabdoid cells. Immunohistochemically, these rhabdoid cells were positive for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, smooth-muscle actin, cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electro-microscopically, the typical rhabdoid cells contained whorled bundles of intermediate filaments in their cytoplasm. A rhabdoid tumor is a clinicalpathological entity and emphasizes the necessity to distinguish this unique tumor from other pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. Cytopathological features, immunohistochemistry and electro-microscopy differential diagnoses are discussed.

Los tumores de tipo rabdoide primarios en cualquier sitio son raros y en el sistema nervioso central son extremadamente raros y ocurren principalmente en niños, el tumor teratoide/rabdoide es el tumor más frecuente dentro de este grupo y de evolución clínica fatal. El tumor neuroectodermico primitivo, medulobalstoma y al carcinoma de plexos coroides son tumores generalmente muestran aspectos clínicos radiológicos e histológicos similares, con evolución diferente. Presentamos el caso de un hombre joven de 18 años que inició con cefalea vómitos y ataxia. La imagen de TC muestra tumor en fosa posterior. Se realizó resección total del tumor. En el estudio transoperatorio se observó neoplasia maligna de células grandes con mitosis y que formaba estructuras papilares. Histológicamente se observaron dos patrones diferentes, uno formado por nidos sólidos de células poligonales indiferenciadas con formación de estructuras papilares y el otro con abundantes células grandes de aspecto rabdoide. Por inmunohistoquímica las células de aspecto rabdoide fueron positivas para vimentina, antigeno de membrana epitelial, actina de músculo liso, citoqueratina, y proteína S-100, La PGAF fue focalmente positiva. Se realizó microscopía electrónica de las células rabdoides que mostraban nidos irregulares de filamentos intermedios intracitoplasmicos y lamina basal. El tumor rabdoide cerebral es clínica como histológicamente una rara entidad en la población pediátrica. Se discute el aspecto citopatológicas de inmunohistoquímica y de microscopia electrónica y sus diagnósticos diferenciales.

Comparação entre as medidas inferenciais de edema de membros inferiores utilizando o Leg-O-Meter e o deslocador de agua / Comparasion between Inferential Meassurements of Lower Limb Edema utilizing the Leg-O-Meter and water displacement

A quantificacao precisa da severidade e extensao de edema perifericoe necessaria antes e apos a intervencao fisioterapeutica para avaliar a eficiencia do tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as medidas de volume em membros inferiores (MMI) obtidas com dois instrumentos - o Leg-O-Meter (LM) e o deslocador de agua (DA)- em um periodo de 2 semanas. Materiais e metodos: trinta e uma mulheres portadoras de edema de MMI com idade entre 20 e 70 anos participaram deste estudo. O edema foi inicialmente avaliado pela perimetria (LM) dos MMII ao nivel do tornozelo e pelo volume de agua deslocada apos imersao do membro (DA). Apos 2 semanas as medidas foram repetidas sem que houvesse alteracao na medicacao ou na rotina diaria. Resultado: o percentual de alteracao de edema no membro inferior direito (MID) com o LM e com o DA foi -0,3+-,18 por cento e 0,91+-, 31 por cento (p=0,21), respectivamente. A magnitude da correlacao entre as medidas obtidas com o LM e o DLfoi altae significativa, variando de r=0,83(p<0,01). Conclusao: nao houve diferenca na extensao do edema de MMII detectavel tanto com o LM quanto com o DA, num periodo de 2 semanas

Transferability and use of microsatellite markers for the genetic analysis of the germplasm of some Arachis section species of the genus Arachis

The Arachis section is the most important of the nine sections of the genus Arachis because it includes the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea. The genetic improvement of A. hypogaea using wild relatives is at an early stage of development in spite of their potential as sources of genes, including those for disease and pests resistance, that are not found in the A. hypogaea primary gene pool. Section Arachis species germplasm has been collected and maintained in gene banks and its use and effective conservation depends on our knowledge of the genetic variability contained in this material. Microsatellites are routinely used for the analysis of genetic variability because they are highly polymorphic and codominant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transferability of microsatellite primers and the assay of genetic variability between and within the germplasm of some species of the Arachis section. Fourteen microsatellite loci developed for three different species of Arachis were analyzed and 11 (78 percent) were found to be polymorphic. All loci had transferability to all the species analyzed. The polymorphic loci were very informative, with expected heterozygosity per locus ranging from 0.70 to 0.94. In general, the germplasm analyzed showed wide genetic variation.

A (efi)ciência da beleza: análise da presença do discurso científico na revista Nova / Beauty's efficience: analysing scientific discourse in Nova Magazine

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a inserção da ciência (especialmente das ciências biomédicas e psicológicas) em um grande veículo de circulação brasileiro, a revista Nova, durante os 25 anos de sua publicação. Sobressaiu da análise do discurso da revista uma relação estreita entre ciência e estética, articulada em dois níveis: o primeiro refere-se à questão da legitimidade conferida pela ciência às preocupações estéticas com o corpo, ao torná-las um componente imprescindível da saúde física e mental; o segundo diz respeito ao modo como a ciência se coloca a serviço de um ideal que é ao mesmo tempo biológico, estético e moral. Uma análise diacrônica de Nova revela que durante os anos 70 era a psicologia que estava presente na revista, legitimando a busca da beleza e estabelecendo causas psicológicas para problemas estéticos. Já nos anos 80/90, a psicologia vai sendo substituída pela bioquímica, ao menos no que diz respeito à reflexão sobre causas daqueles problemas. De um modo geral, o que se revela é um processo de crescente medicalização da beleza.

Masculinidad y femineidad / Masculinity and femininity

"En el presente trabajo se revisa la investigación llevada a cabo sobre los constructos de masculinidad y femineidad desde la perspectiva de la psicología. Se tocan los estereotipos y los roles o papeles de género y las diferencias entre los géneros. Se hace una revisión de cómo ha progresado esta área de investigación, el desarrollo de nuevos instrumentos de medición y de nuevas maneras de conceptualizar lo masculino y lo femenino. También se alude a la relación que tienen estos constructos con la conducta y la orientación sexual"

Influencia de los hallazgos quirúrgicos en el pronóstico de la atresia de esófago / Influence of surgical findings in the prognosis of esophageal atresia

Los hallazgos quirúrgicos en la atresia de esófago, han cobrado importancia en el pronóstico y pueden influir en la mortalidad. Durante siete años se registró en 92 pacientes con atresia de esófago con cabo proximal ciego y distal con fístula, la longitud entre segmentos, la calidad y diferencia de calibre, así como el diámetro de la fístula, relacionando todo, con el número de dehiscencias y muertes ocurridas. En el estudio se encontraron como factores significativos una distancia mayor a 1.5 cm para dehiscencia y defunción. También lo fueron la "mala calidad" del cabo distal y la diferencia de calibres de los cabos mayor a tres veces. Se concluye la importancia de estos factores y se recomienda ante su presencia diferir la anastomosis por el riesgo de disrupción y muerte. El número de casos según la clasificación de Waterston fue similar en el grupo dehiscente y sin dehiscencia

Aislamiento y purificación de la enterotoxina estafilococcica del serotipo E. obtención de su antisuero / Isolation and purification of staphylococcical enterotoxin of serotype E. Obtaining antiserum

Se desarrollo un método para el aislamiento y purificación de la enterotoxina estafilococcica del serotipo E. La toxina se obtuvo de la cepa FRI 326. Se realizó la purificación con el uso de Amberlite IRC-50 (H), carboximetilcelulosa CM-32, Sephadex G-75 y tripsina. Se aisló una toxina con un 95 por ciento de pureza comprobada con el uso de patrones y técnicas inmunológicas. El antisuero se obtuvo de carneros con un título de 1:8

Medición de ingesta de liquidos en base a la dilución del deuterio / Liquid intake measurement based on deuterium dilution

Se estudiaron aspectos metodológicos y la validación del método de dilución con deuterio, el cual ha sido propuesto para medir la ingesta de leche materna. Una experiencia realizada en niños de 2 a 3 meses de edad, con estado nutricional normal, indicó que el equilibrio isotópico se alcanza de 6 a 8 horas después de administrar inicialmente una solución de deuterio al 16.5%. Las mediciones de líquido ingerido, efectuadas en el grupo de niños en período de recuperación de desnutrición marásmica, permitieron comparar los resultados de la dilución isotópica con el registro directo de leche administrada con biberón. Esta comparación reveló una buena correlación entre los valores respectivos al estimar el agua corporal total con la fórmula de Friis-Hansen. Los resultados sugieren que la técnica de dilución con deuterio es una valiosa alternativa frente a los métodos habituales que se utilizan para medir la ingesta de leche humana

Contribuicoes ao emprego da cirurgia ambulatorial em pediatria. / Use of the ambulatorial surgery in pediatrics

Os autores apresentam algumas modificacoes empregadas no metodo de cirurgia ambulatorial em pediatria, com enfase na simplificacao e seguranca, chamando atencao para os principios basicos na sua implantacao e manuntencao