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1.
Biol. Res ; 44(1): 63-67, 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-591865

ABSTRACT

Proliferation and cell fate determination in the developing embryo are extrinsically regulated by multiple interactions among diverse secreted factors, such as Sonic Hedgehog (SHh), which act in a concentration-dependent manner. The fact that SHh is secreted as a lipid-modified protein suggests the existence of a mechanism to regulate its movement across embryonic fields. We have previously shown that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for SHh binding and signalling. However, it was not determined which specific HSPG was responsible for these functions. Here we evaluated the contribution of perlecan on SHh localization and activity. To understand the mechanism of action of perlecan at the cellular level, we studied the role of perlecan-SHh interaction in SHh activity using both cell culture and biochemical assays. Our findings show that perlecan is a crucial anchor and modulator of SHh activity acting as an extracellular positive regulator of SHh.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Rats , Brain/drug effects , Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/pharmacology , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Brain/metabolism , Chromatography, Gel , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism , Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/isolation & purification , Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism , Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/physiology , Immunohistochemistry
2.
Acta bioeth ; 15(2): 222-233, nov. 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-581962

ABSTRACT

The possibility of using human embryonic stem cells (ESC) for therapeutic purposes raises serious ethical objections, the most fundamental one being that until recently the only way to obtain ESC was with procedures that necessarily destroyed living human embryos. Due to this, research in this field has been rejected by many scientists, bioeticists, and has been banned by law in several countries. Efforts have been made to find procedures to obtain ESC without destroying embyros or putting them at risk. This paper reviews the scientific, technical and ethical aspects of the different strategies developed for this purpose. Embryo biopsy, ESC obtained from "dead" embryos, ESC produced by "parthenogenetic embryos", ESC obtained by Altered Nuclear Transfer and induced pluripotent cells (iPSC) obtained by direct epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cells are the main five alternative reported in recent studies.


La posibilidad de usar células madre embrionarias humanas (ESC) para finalidades terapéuticas plantea graves objeciones éticas; la más fundamental es que, hasta hace poco, la única manera de obtener ESC era mediante procedimientos que destruían necesariamente embriones humanos vivos. Debido a esto, la investigación en este campo ha sido rechazada por muchos científicos, bioeticistas y ha sido prohibida por ley en varios países. Se han realizado esfuerzos para encontrar procedimientos que permitan obtener ESC sin destruir embriones o sin ponerlos en riesgo. En este documento examinamos los aspectos científicos, técnicos y éticos de las diferentes estrategias elaboradas para esta finalidad. La biopsia de embriones, ESC obtenidas de embriones "muertos"; ESC producidas por partenogénesis de embriones; ESC obtenidas mediante Transferencia Nuclear Alterada y células pluripotentes inducidas (iPSC), obtenidas mediante la reprogramación epigenética directa de las células somáticas, son las principales cinco opciones informadas en estudios recientes.


A possibilidade de se utilizar células-tronco embrionárias humanas (ESC) para finalidades terapêuticas apresenta graves objeções éticas, a mais fundamental é que, até recentemente, era a única maneira de obter ESC mediante procedimentos que destruíam necessariamente embriões humanos vivos. Devido a isso, a investigação neste campo tem sido recusada por muitos pesquisadores, bioeticistas e proibida por lei em vários paises. Esforços são realizados para encontrar procedimentos que permitam obter ESC sem destruir embriões ou colocá-los em risco. Neste documento examinamos os aspectos científicos, técnicos e éticos das diferentes estratégias elaboradas para esta finalidade. Biópsia de embriões, ESC obtidas de embriões "mortos"; ESC produzidas por partenogênese de embriões; ESC obtidas mediante Transferência Nuclear Alterada e células pluripotentes induzidas (iPSC), obtidas mediante a reprogramação epigenética direta das células somáticas, são as cinco principais opções informadas em estudos recentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult Stem Cells , Bioethics , Embryonic Stem Cells , Ethics
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 116(1): 64-5, ene. 1988.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-54987

Subject(s)
Universities , Chile
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