ABSTRACT
Background: The sciatic nerve is the largest and widest nerve in the body and is derived from ventral rami of spinal nerves L2 to S3. Sciatic nerve appears in the Gluteal region below Piriformis from Pelvic cavity by passing through Greater Sciatic foramen. In between the Ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter of Femur, it reaches the back of the thigh. At the superior angle of Popliteal fossa, it divides into Tibial and common Peroneal (fibular) nerves. The division varies, and it may occur within the pelvis, Gluteal, upper, mid and lower part of thigh. The anatomical variations of the level at which the Sciatic nerve divides is considered important by Neurosurgeons, Anaesthetists, Orthopaedicians and Surgeons.Methods: This study was conducted on 52 lower limbs to determine the level of sciatic nerve bifurcation and its variations on 26 embalmed human cadavers. The data was analyzed manually using numbers, frequencies and percentages.Results: The findings of this study states that in 2 limbs (3.84%) the nerve divided in the gluteal region; in 4 limbs (7.69%) in the pelvic region; in 10 limbs (19.23%) at the junction between upper and middle thigh. The highest incidence of division occurs in 36 limbs (69.23%) at the superior angle of the popliteal fossa.Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that the majority of sciatic nerve divisions occur at the superior angle of popliteal fossa while some divided into other regions such as Pelvis, Gluteal and thigh regions.
ABSTRACT
The Stomach is affected by many conditions,a thourough knowledge of the stomach regarding its shape,position,blood supply,nerve supply,lymphatic drainage,mucular pattern,relations with other organs and anatomical variations which will aid the surgeon to avoid complications during surgeries. Shape and position of the stomach can vary greatly with or without any physiological disturbances. However some of its rare shapes may result in the formation of volvulus or may increase the risk of gastric ulcer. Variant shapes of the stomach may be of congenital occurrence or are acquired later on in life. So as examined after death the shape of stomach is usually fixed at some stage of digestive process – exibiting different shapes physiologically . Large globular portion on the left and narrow tubular part on the right and transition between two regions is usually gradual. 50 stomachs were studied for their size and shape during the period of 2017–2019 in Andhra Medical College ,Visakhapatnam in department of Anatomy. The shape and sizes of the stomachs were noted. Sthenic or normal type/ J Shape Hypersthenic / Steer Horn , Hyposthenic or Asthenic type , Cascade.