ABSTRACT
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a common but complex endocrine disorder and is the major cause of anovulation and consequent subfertility. In this study the effect of grape seed extract [GSE] on triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein-cholestrol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein-cholestrol [LDL-C] and interleukin-6 [IL-6] in PCOS Wistar rats were assessed
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 84 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups [n=12] including control [intact], Sham [estradiol valerate solvent injection], control PCOS and 4 experimental PCOS groups. To induce the syndrome, a single subcutaneous injection of 2 mg estradiol valerate was applied. In experimental groups, PCOS rats were treated with different doses of 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight [BW] GSE by intraperitoneal injection for 10 consecutive days. After harvesting blood serum, TG was measured by Glycerol-3-phosphate Oxidase-Peoxidase [GPO-PAP], TC by Cholesterol Oxidase-Peroxidase [CHOD-PAP], and HDL-C by sedimentation method, LDL-C by Friedwald calculation and IL-6 by ELISA method. The serum values of each parameter were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at P<0.05
Results: In all experimental groups significant decrease of visceral fat was obvious as compared with control PCOS group. LDL-C, TC and IL-6 levels in experimental groups, particularly at dose of 50 mg/kg of GSE, were significantly decreased as compared with PCOS group. However, HDL-C levels were not significantly changed
Conclusion: : According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that GSE with its effects on serum TC, LDL-C and IL-6 could reduce the effects of dyslipidemia and inflammation in PCOS rats and improve systemic symptoms of PCOS
ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is the most common cause of infertility and endocrinopathy in women due to lack of ovulation. Silymarin has anti-inflammatory properties and is a modulator of the immune system. In this experimental study, the effect of silymarinon PCOS- induced rats was studied. In this experimental study, 144 adult Wistar rats were divided into groups of control, sham, PCOS [S.C. injection of 2mg estradiol valerate/ rat, once] and treated with silymarin. After induction of PCOS during 60 days, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg BW silymarin was injected intraperitoneally for 10 days. Sham and control groups received DMSO and no injection, respectively. All groups were anesthetized and the serum and ovary of groups were collected in order to investigate the histological and serologic changes. Data were tested using ANOVA in Instat software and P< 0.05 was considered significant. PCOs induction resulted in elevation of follicular cyst formation, abnormal follicular development and increasing of androgen compared with control rats. Silymarin attenuated ovarian cysts and thickness of theca layer and improved hormonal balance and follicle development in PCOS rats. Silymarin can reduce the histological and hormonal symptoms of PCOS, and has a protective effect on ovary. It seems that this potency is due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin, which can reduce cyst counts and improve the development of ovarian follicles
ABSTRACT
Cyclooxygenase 2 is a key enzyme which converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase 2 is triggered by inflammatory stimuli, such as cytokines. Its expression increases in tumors and Alzheimer's disease and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a heterogeneous disease characterized by pathological angiogenesis and chronic anovulation. In the present study, the probable role of cyclooxygenase 2 in Wistar rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome was investigated. Thirty female Wistar rats [170-200 gr] were equally divided into three groups: 2 mg estradiol valerate was intramuscularly administered to each rat in the experiment group or group 1; the rats in group 2 were regarded as the sham group and received sesame oil injections and group 3 or the control group received no injections. After 60 days of treatment, animals were anaesthetized with chloroform and killed by decapitation. Ovaries were collected for histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. All the experiments were repeated three times. Morphologically, ovaries from the control group exhibited follicles in various stages of development and many fresh corpus luteum. In estradiol valerate group small follicles in early development were observed in addition to follicles showing evidence of atresia and many large cysts with thickened theca cell layer. Corpus luteum was rare or absent in group 2. The immunohistochemical analysis for cyclooxygenase 2 expression showed an increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme in group 1. The results suggested the involvement of cyclooxygenase 2 in the progression to polycystic ovarian syndrome in a rat model