ABSTRACT
The fluctuations in yield and consequently in production occurred due to climatic adversities in the main producing states of Brazil. Farming has changed over time, and past scenarios have shown high exploitation of natural resources focusing on soil tillage and conventional seeding methods. This study aimed to determine the yield performance of soybean grown under 10 consolidated crop succession systems. The experiment was conducted during the 2018/2019 crop season, before the research project entitled "Sustainable production systems with better use of biological and natural resources, with treatments arranged in a randomized block design and four replications". The treatments consisted of the following predecessor crops: Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus + Vicia sativa, Fallow, Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum, and Triticum aestivum Fodder. Soybean was subsequently sown across winter crops. The succession that showed superior yield was Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum. This attribute was established by associating taller plants with the maximization of the number of grains per pod, hundred-grain mass, grain mass, and plant dry mass; in contrast, there was a lower emphasis on plant residue. The determining attributes for soybean yield were plant stand, plant height, the number of pods per plant, and total grain mass, with contrasts among groups composed of the succession of Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, and Brassica napus, distanced from Raphanus sativus, Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus + Vicia sativa, Fallow, Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum, and Triticum aestivum - Fodder.
Subject(s)
Glycine max/growth & development , Crop ProductionABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The differentiation of seedling growth and development is the result of the vigor level of the seed lot. Because of this, knowing the seedling growth curve is essential for the evaluation of the seedling length test, to be carried out at the moment when any differences in vigor really manifest, thus being able to reduce the time of evaluation of the test. In this research, the objective was to determine the most efficient time interval to perform the seedling length test in soybean seeds, depending on the vigor levels. The evaluated characteristics were percentage of seed germination, first germination count, emergency, days for emergence, aerial, root and total length (evaluated every 12 hours), aerial, root and total dry mass in completely randomized design. High vigor seeds originated seedlings with higher growth rates (cm. h-1), with vigor being one of the factors that interfere in the seedling length test. After 96 hours of the seedling length test, there was a statistical differentiation between the three vigor levels tested. The soybean seedling length test between lots, with different vigor, can be performed 96 hours after sowing.
RESUMO: A diferenciação do crescimento e desenvolvimento das plântulas, é resultado do nível de vigor do lote das sementes. Em virtude disto, conhecer a curva de crescimento das plântulas é fundamental para que a avaliação do teste de comprimento de plântulas, seja realizada no momento em que realmente se manifestem as eventuais diferenças de vigor, podendo assim reduzir o tempo de avaliação do teste. No trabalho, o objetivo foi determinar o intervalo de tempo mais eficiente para realizar o teste de comprimento de plântula em sementes de soja, em função dos níveis de vigor. As características avaliadas foram germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência, dias para emergência, comprimento de parte aérea, raiz e total (avaliados de 12 em 12 horas), massa seca de parte aérea, raiz e total em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As sementes de alto vigor originaram plântulas com maiores taxas de crescimento (cm. h-1), sendo o vigor um dos fatores que interfere no teste de comprimento de plântulas. Após 96 horas do teste de comprimento de plântula ocorreu a diferenciação estatística entre os três níveis de vigor testados. O teste de comprimento de plântula de soja entre lotes, com vigor distinto, pode ser realizado 96 horas após a semeadura.
ABSTRACT
The selection of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) that are efficient in the use of phosphorus (P) plays an important role in increasing crop productivity, reducing the cost of production due to the high price of phosphate fertilizers, as well as reducing the pollution of the environment due to the better use of the applied fertilizers. The objective of this work was to compare the method of selection of potato clones for the efficiency of use and response to P between in vitro and off - soil systems with the use of sand as substrate. To that end, potato clones SMIC 148-A, Dakota Rose, SMINIA 793101-3, SMIB 106-7, SMIF 212-3, SMIJ 319-1 and P 150 were cultivated at low and high levels of P in the culture systems in vitro (1,935 and 19,346 mg P L-1) and off-soil (2.32 and 23.2 mg P L-1). The selection of potato clones using only as a criterion the accumulation of P under low nutrient level is not adequate, both in off-soil and in vitro cultivation. Clones selected as being more efficient in the use of P in in vitro cultivation do not prove to be necessarily more efficient in off-soil cultivation. No clone remains in the same classification group regarding the efficiency of use and response to P, based on the production of dry mass, in the two cropping systems.
A seleção de plantas de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) que são eficientes no uso de fósforo (P) desempenha um papel importante no aumento da produtividade das culturas. reduzindo o custo de produção devido ao alto preço dos fertilizantes fosfatados. além de reduzir a poluição do meio ambiente devido ao melhor uso dos fertilizantes aplicados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o método de seleção de clones de batata quanto à eficiência de uso e resposta ao P entre sistemas in vitro e fora do solo com o uso de areia como substrato. Para o efeito. os clones de batata SMIC 148-A. Dakota Rose. SMINIA 793101-3. SMIB 106-7. SMIF 212-3. SMIJ 319-1 e P 150 foram cultivados a baixos e altos níveis de P nos sistemas de cultivo in vitro (1.935 e 19.346 mg P L-1) e fora do solo (2.32 e 23.2 mg P L-1). A seleção de clones de batata utilizando apenas como critério o acúmulo de P em baixo nível de nutrientes não é adequada. tanto no cultivo fora do solo quanto no in vitro. Clones selecionados como mais eficientes no uso de P em cultivo in vitro não se mostraram necessariamente mais eficientes no cultivo fora do solo. Nenhum clone permanece no mesmo grupo de classificação quanto à eficiência de uso e resposta ao P. baseado na produção de massa seca nos dois sistemas de cultivo.