ABSTRACT
Purpose: To elucidate distance and near vision changes after intravitreal injections in center?involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME) in phakic and pseudophakic groups. Methods: A retrospective study was done on 148 eyes (72 phakic and 76 pseudophakic) with center?involving DME. All eyes were treated with intravitreal anti?vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection. All patients underwent distance best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, near BCVA testing, dilated fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and follow?up visits. Eyes that could not improve after the first injection were given 2nd, 3rd, and more injections in the subsequent visits. Results: On follow?up, post injections in the phakic group (n = 72), there were 65 eyes (90.3%) with stable/improved near vision and 59 eyes (81.9%) with stable/improved distance vision, whereas in the pseudophakic group (n = 76), 63 eyes (82.9%) and 60 eyes (78.9%), respectively. Both in phakic and pseudophakic eyes, 7.7%–13% of the cohort showed only near vision improvement. Conclusion: In DME, besides the changes in distance vision, there are also changes in near vision. These changes should be taken into account while determining the response to anti?VEGF in DME treatment.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: the purpose was to evaluate pathological changes of photoreceptor layer and retinal pigment epithelium in eyes with drusens using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography [SD-OCT]
Methods: twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients with [drusens] dry age-related macular degeneration and 43 eyes of 43 controls were included in this study. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination including SD-OCT. Central foveal thickness [CFT], photoreceptor layer [PRL] thickness and retinal pigment epithelial [RPE] thickness were measured and compared between the groups. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] ranged between 20/20 and 20/200. RPE [36.10 +/- 5.48 [micro]m Vs 39.27 +/- 4.30] and PRL thickness [53.93 +/- 7.36 [micro]m Vs 61.20 +/- 4.50 [micro]m] were significantly reduced in patients with drusens compared to controls. Increase in age was a significant risk factor for drusens [OR: 1.22, p < 0.001] and increased PRL thickness was a protective factor [OR: 0.720, p = 0.002]. PRL thickness was significantly associated with BCVA [p = 0.019]
Conclusion: with an increased resolution of SD-OCT, the involvement of the outer retinal layers was more clearly defined. SD-OCT may allow for the early detection of exudative changes
ABSTRACT
To provide normal macular thickness measurements using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography [SDOCT, Copernicus, Optopol Technologies, Zawierci, Poland]. Fifty-eight eyes of 58 healthy subjects were included in this prospective study. All subjects had comprehensive ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA]. All the subjects underwent Copernicus SDOCT. Central foveal thickness [CFT] and photoreceptor layer [PRL] thickness were measured and expressed as mean and standard deviation. Mean retinal thickness for each of the 9 regions defined in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study was reported. The data were compared with published literature in Indians using Stratus and Spectralis OCTs to assess variation in instrument measurements. The mean CFT in the study sample was 173.8 +/- 18.16 microns [131-215 microns] and the mean PRL thickness was 65.48 +/- 4.23 microns [56-74 microns]. No significant difference [p = 0.148] was found between CFT measured automated [179.28 +/- 22 microns] and manually [173.83 +/- 18.1 microns]. CFT was significantly lower in women [167.62 +/- 16.36 microns] compared to men [180.03 +/- 18 microns] [p = 0.008]. Mean retinal thickness reported in this study was significantly different from published literature using Stratus OCT and Spectralis OCT. We report the normal mean retinal thickness in central 1 mm area to be between 138 and 242 microns in Indian population using Copernicus SDOCT. We suggest that different OCT instruments cannot be used interchangeably for the measurement of macular thickness as they vary in segmentation algorithms
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Retina , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Prospective Studies , Fovea CentralisABSTRACT
To report the appearance of diabetic retinopathy lesions using spectral domain optical coherence tomography [SD-OCT]. A total of 287 eyes of 199 subjects were included. All the subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination including SD-OCT. The appearance of various lesions of diabetic retinopathy and the retinal layers involved were reported. In subjects with macular edema the prevalence of incomplete PVD was 55.6%. SD-OCT brings new insights into the morphological changes of the retina in diabetic retinopathy
ABSTRACT
To report the prevalence of visual impairment [VI] and the associated risk factors in type II diabetic subjects. The study included type II diabetes mellitus subjects who were enrolled from a cross-sectional study. Participants underwent biochemical testing and comprehensive ocular examination including stereo fundus photography. The VI was defined based on the World Health Organization criteria. The prevalence of VI was 4% in the cohort. The risk factors associated with the presence of VI included a female gender, age greater than 60 years, low socio-economic status, hypertension, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, neuropathy, use of insulin and alcohol. Various ocular risk factors are nuclear sclerosis, subjects who have undergone cataract surgery, myopia and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy [STDR]. After adjusting for the factors using stepwise logistic regression analysis, hypertension, use of alcohol, post-cataract surgery and myopia were not risk factors. Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that VI was higher among subjects older than 60 years [odds ratio [OR]: 4.95 [2.67-9.15]] and those who belonged to a low socio-economic status [OR: 2.91 [1.24-6.85]]. The systemic risk factors for VI included microalbuminuria [OR: 2.91 [1.59-5.33]], macroalbuminuria [OR: 4.65 [1.57-13.77]] and presence of neuropathy [OR: 1.97 [1.09-3.59]] among subjects. Subjects with nuclear sclerosis [OR: 36.82 [11.12-112.36]] and presence of STDR [OR: 4.17 [1.54-11.29]] were at a higher risk of VI. Cataract was the most common cause of VI in the cohort. Visual impairment, among type II diabetic subjects [4%], is a major public health problem that needs to be addressed. Cataract is the most common reversible cause of vision impairment in this population