ABSTRACT
Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera, Adelgidae) _ a new species to Brazil: morphology of eggs, nymphs and adults. Pineus boerneri represents the first Adelgidae species recorded in Brazil. This aphid species forms extensive colonies on branches and trunk of Pinus spp., with apterous oviparous females, eggs and nymphs covered with white wax. The aim of this research is to study the morphology of eggs, nymphs, and adults to provide useful data for species identification in order to solve taxonomic issues. The study was based on morphometric data and optical and scanning electron microscopy images. First instar nymphs are active and can be easily distinguished from the others by their elongate minute yellowish body; well developed legs bearing a pair of sensorial setae at the apex of the second tarsomere; and antenna with three segments with a large rhinarium and distinct apical setae on the last segment. From the second to the fourth instar, nymphs are sessile, with round red body; they loose the third antennal segment and its sensorial structures, as well as the setae on the second tarsomere. The oviparous female is reddish-brown, with round body with about 0.76 mm diameter; legs reduced; antennae one-segmented; ovipositor distinct; numerous wax glands are present, mainly on the head. Accurate characterization of the species and distinction of the nymphal instars of P. boerneri were made possible by canonical analysis of morphometric data and morphological characters.
Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera, Adelgidae) _ uma espécie nova para o Brasil: morfologia de ovos, ninfas e adultos. Pineus boerneri representa a primeira espécie de Adelgidae registrada no Brasil. Esta espécie de Adelgidae forma densas colônias em ramos e tronco de Pinus spp., com fêmeas ovíparas ápteras, ovos e ninfas recobertos por lanugem branca. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a morfologia de ovos, ninfas e de fêmeas adultas, visando à identificação correta da espécie, para solucionar problemas taxonômicos. O estudo das formas baseou-se na morfometria e microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura. As ninfas de primeiro instar são ativas, de coloração amarelada, diferenciadas das demais pelo formato alongado do corpo; pernas bem desenvolvidas com um par de cerdas sensoriais no ápice do segundo segmento tarsal; antenas com três segmentos, com um rinário e cerdas apicais bem distintas. A partir do segundo instar, as ninfas são sésseis, apresentam corpo arredondado de coloração avermelhada, perdem o terceiro segmento antenal e as cerdas e estruturas sensoriais do segundo segmento tarsal. As fêmeas adultas são marrom-avermelhadas, apresentam corpo arredondado, com aproximadamente 0,76 mm de diâmetro; pernas reduzidas; um único segmento antenal bem reduzido; ovipositor distinto; e numerosas glândulas de cera, principalmente, na região da cabeça. A caracterização da espécie e distinção dos ínstares é possível pela análise canônica dos dados morfométricos e caracteres morfológicos.
ABSTRACT
The giant conifer aphids Cinara pinivora (Wilson, 1919) and Cinara atlantica (Wilson, 1919) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) have been observed attacking Pinus spp. in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. The coccinellids, on the other hand, were found feeding on these aphids in the field, which can be regarded as potential biological control agents. The biological cycle and mortality rate of larvae of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) were evaluated using twenty larvae of each predator species fed with nymphs of Cinara. The vials with the insects were kept under 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC, with 12h photophase and 70 ± 10 percent relative humidity. The consumption was evaluated every 24 hours and the nymphs replaced. For C. sanguinea, the egg incubation time was 10.5, 5.0 and 4.0 days; the average larval development period was 33.3, 15.8 and 8.6 days and the larval mortality rate 20 percent,0 percent and 15 percent, respectively at 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC. For H. convergens, the larval development time was 41.9, 19.3 and 10.9 days at 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 25 ºC, respectively. The larval mortality rate was 35 percent, 15 percent and 0 percent under the three temperatures. Both species developed adequately when fed nymphs of Cinara, however, C. sanguinea performed better than H. convergens, even at 15 ºC, at which temperature the biological cycles of the coccinellids are prolonged, but the temperature is favorable for the development of Cinara populations in the field.