ABSTRACT
Leptin and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) are two extensively studied biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoarthritis (OA). Previous studies have mostly focused on either MetS or OA alone, with no available data on Vietnamese patients. This study aimed to investigate the levels of leptin and IL-1β in this patient population and explore their association with clinical parameters of MetS and OA. The study included 164 patients with primary knee OA, who were classified into two categories based on the presence of MetS, and 78 healthy controls. The plasma leptin and IL-1β levels were quantified by ELISA and correlated with clinical parameters. Leptin levels were higher in patients with OA (11.50±10.04 ng/mL) than in healthy controls (0.54±0.37 ng/mL) and increased in patients with MetS compared to those without MetS. IL-1β levels were also significantly higher in OA patients (14.63±15.87 pg/mL) than in controls (7.79±5.11 pg/mL), but were not significantly different between the MetS and non-MetS groups. Leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, visual analogue scale scores, HbA1c and insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index, whereas IL-1β levels were only correlated with insulin levels and HOMA-IR index. ROC curve analysis revealed that leptin and IL-1β levels could distinguish individuals with and without OA (AUC=0.96; 0.88, respectively), and individuals with and without MetS (AUC=0.82; 0.71, respectively). Our findings suggested that both leptin and IL-1β levels were associated with both MetS and OA and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MetS-related OA.
ABSTRACT
Recently, research on the production of ethanol from waste has been accelerating for both ecological and economical reasons, primarily for its use as an alternative to petroleum based fuels. In this study, response surface methodology based 2[3] -full factorial central composite design was employed to optimize the parameters of ethanol production from Korean food waste leachate. The reducing sugar concentration of the food waste leachate determined by the dinitrosalicylic acid method was 75 g/L. A second order polynomial model was developed to evaluate the quantitative effects of temperature, pH and reducing sugar concentration in order to find an optimum condition for the ethanol production from food waste leachate. From the experimental result, maximum ethanol concentration of 24.17 g/L was obtained at the optimum condition of temperature [38°C], pH [5.45] and reducing sugar concentration [75 g/L]. The experimental value [24.17 g/L] agreed very well with the predicted one [23.66 g/L], indicating the suitability of the model employed and the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of ethanol production from food waste leachate. Canonical analysis indicated that the stationary point was a saddle point for the ethanol yield. Despite being a waste, an ethanol yield of 0.32 g ethanol/g reducing sugar demonstrated the potential of food waste leachate as a promising biomass resource for the production of ethanol
Subject(s)
Fermentation , Food , Waste ManagementABSTRACT
A new free radical scavenger, U74006F (Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) was studied to determine if it would have a beneficial effect on preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes and reducing blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) breakdown in rabbits after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). The post-ALT IOP averaged 24.7 mm Hg (+/- 3.8 mm Hg; N = 6) and 30.3 mm Hg (+/- 6.9 mm Hg; N = 7) at 1 hour (p = 0.097) and 22.7 mm Hg (+/- 1.9) and 27.3 mm Hg (+/- 7.0 mm Hg) at 3 hours in the U74006F and vehicle groups (p = 0.137), respectively. By 48 hours, the IOP averaged 12.8 +/- 2.2 mm Hg in the U74006F group and 12.4 +/- 2.4 mm Hg in the vehicle group (P = 0.757). The aqueous fluorescein permeability (AFP) between lasered and unlasered eyes was determined for the U74006F and vehicle-treated groups by aqueous fluorophotometry. Prelaser or baseline AFP was determined for the U74006F (-0.236 +/- 0.236) and vehicle (-0.145 +/- 0.237) groups (p = 0.505). At day 2 posttreatment, the U74006F group and the placebo group both reported similar AFP of 5.109 +/- 4.831 and 5.680 +/- 4.280 (p = 0.827), respectively. At one week post-ALT, AFP for the U74006F group (0.109 +/- 0.367) had returned close to baseline, while that of the vehicle group (0.426 +/- 0.511) was still quite elevated (p = 0.220). U74006F appears to be beneficial in the prevention of acute elevation of IOP following ALT but not in the prevention of Blood-Aqueous Barrier (BAB) breakdown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)