ABSTRACT
Influenza is a serious health problem worldwide due to the epidemics and pandemics that it periodically causes. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the United States of America recently published updated recommendations for influenza prevention and control for the 2005-2006 season. Many of these guidelines are of interest to the countries of the Region of the Americas, particularly those related to vaccination, which is the mainstay for preventing and controlling this disease. Various changes have been made in the recommendations that were published in 2004. First, the ACIP recommends vaccination against influenza for persons with any condition (e.g., cognitive dysfunction, spinal cord injury, seizure disorder, or other neuromuscular disorder) that can compromise respiratory function or make eliminating respiratory secretions difficult or that can increase the risk for aspiration. Second, the ACIP strongly recommends that all health care workers be vaccinated against influenza annually and encourages facilities that employ health care workers to vaccinate them by using approaches that maximize immunization rates. Third, the ACIP encourages the use of both available vaccines (inactivated and live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)) for eligible persons every influenza season, especially persons in recommended target groups. When inactivated virus vaccine is in short supply, the use of LAIV is especially encouraged, if feasible, for eligible persons (including health care workers) because such use might considerably increase the availability of inactivated virus vaccine for persons in high-risk groups. Fourth, the 2005-06 trivalent vaccine virus strains are A/California/7/2004 (H3N2)-like, A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like, and B/Shanghai/361/2002-like antigens. For the A/California/7/2004 (H3N2)-like antigen, manufacturers may use the antigenically equivalent A/ New York/55/2004 virus, and for the B/Shanghai/361/2002-like antigen, manufacturers may use the antigenically equivalent B/Jilin/20/2003 virus or B/Jiangsu/10/2003 virus.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Advisory Committees , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Health Personnel , Health Priorities , Influenza A virus/classification , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza B virus/classification , Influenza B virus/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Influenza Vaccines , Influenza Vaccines/supply & distribution , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Influenza, Human/transmission , Influenza, Human/virology , Lactation , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Patient Selection , Risk Factors , Travel , United States , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination/standards , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects , Vaccines, Attenuated , Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosageABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia del virus Epstein-Barr en niños y adolescentes y su relación con la incidencia de la mononucleosis infecciosa. Los resultados se compararon con los de estudios análogos realizados en otros países
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Infectious Mononucleosis/epidemiology , CubaABSTRACT
Los primeros 8 casos de linfoma de Burkitt histológica y citoquímicamente confirmados han sido estudiados en Cuba. Algunos mostraron toma de los huesos faciales y altos títulos de anticuerpos contra el virus Epstein-Barr, características de los casos del área endémica de Africa. Otros tenían características de los casos no endémicos. La distribución de pacientes en estos 2 grupos puede estar en relación con el comportamiento hallado en una muestra de población sana estudiada con respecto al virus. Además, se determinaron los niveles de anticuerpos en familiares y contactos de los pacientes. Muchos familiares mostraron altos títulos de anticuerpos contra antígenos de cápsida del virus. También se halló en este grupo una alta prevalencia de anticuerpos contra antígeno temprano
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Burkitt Lymphoma/microbiology , Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology , CubaABSTRACT
Se estudian 26 pacientes que padecen de tumores clínicamente compatibles con el diagnóstico de limfoma de Burkitt. El estudio histopatológico y citoquímico permitió establecer el diagnóstico certero en 9 casos. el resto de los casos correspondieron a linfoma linfocítico pobremente diferenciado y linfoma histiocítico, 2 entidades con las que es necesario establecer el diagnóstico diferencial de linfoma de Burkitt. En las improntas teñidas con May-Grunwald-Giemsa, en casos de linfoma de Burkitt, las células linfoides presentaron pequeñas vacuolas de tamaño uniforme distribuidas por el citoplasma a manera de collar o agrupadas en la región paranuclear, que se tiñen con colorantes para grasas neutras. el citoplasma basófilo y pironinofílico no presenta en general actividad alfa naftol acetato esterasa (ANAE) ni fosfatasa ácida y es paraamino salicílico (PAS) negativo. Los histocitos por su parte, presentaron con frecuencia gotas de grasas neutras y en algunos casos presentaron material PAS positivo en su citoplasma