The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on erectile function in Chinese CP/CPPS patients / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on erectile function in Chinese patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). A retrospective study was conducted on 657 CP/CPPS patients who visited The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China) from November 2018 to November 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the timeline before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The severity of CP/CPPS, penile erection status, anxiety, and depression was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales, respectively. Compared with patients before the COVID-19 outbreak, more CP/CPPS patients developed severe erectile dysfunction (ED) due to depression and anxiety caused by the pandemic. After developing moderate-to-severe ED, mild and moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS patients exhibited more apparent symptoms of anxiety and depression ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), forming a vicious cycle. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the psychological status of CP/CPPS patients, exacerbating their clinical symptoms and complicating ED. The exacerbation of clinical symptoms further worsens the anxiety and depression status of patients, forming a vicious cycle. During the COVID-19 pandemic, paying more attention to the mental health of CP/CPPS patients, strengthening psychological interventions, and achieving better treatment outcomes are necessary.

Single Hepatitis B Booster Dose in High-risk Children with Suboptimal Surface Antigen Antibody Responses After 3-dose Primary Vaccine Series

This was a descriptive study of 30 children born to HBsAG positivemothers between June 2009 and December 2013. All childrenhad anti-HBs response ≤100 IU/L after 3 doses of hepatitis Bvaccine primary series. A single booster dose led to hepatitis Bsurface antibody titers ≥100 IU/L in (85%) of children.

Case control study of risk factors and ophthalmological outcomes of very low birth weight infants with Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity

INTRODUCTION@#We evaluated the risk factors associated with Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and compared ophthalmologic outcomes between cases with Type 1 ROP who received treatment and gestational age-matched controls with mild or no ROP not requiring treatment.@*METHODS@#This was a retrospective case-control study of VLBW infants born in National University Hospital, Singapore, from January 2001 to December 2013. 17 cases with Type 1 ROP were each matched for gestational age with controls who had either mild (below Stage 2) or no ROP. Antenatal, perinatal and postnatal variables, as well as childhood ophthalmologic outcomes, were collected from their clinical records and analysed.@*RESULTS@#The number of packed cell transfusions and highest fraction of inspired oxygen given at weeks 7-10 were found to be statistically significant on multivariate analysis (p = 0.045 and p = 0.049, respectively). None of the infants had blindness or retinal detachment, and there were no significant differences in refractive errors between the groups at 1-4 years of age. Strabismus at four years of age was more common in the group with Type 1 ROP (p = 0.023).@*CONCLUSION@#Increased episodes of blood transfusions and chronic lung disease requiring high oxygen supplementation at 7-10 weeks of life are significant risk factors associated with Type 1 ROP in VLBW infants in our study. Strabismus at four years is more common in this group of patients. This study highlights the importance of long-term ophthalmologic surveillance for these high-risk children.

Pretreatment serum albumin/globulin ratio as a prognostic biomarker in metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with maximal androgen blockade / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The pretreatment serum albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) has been used as a prognostic biomarker for various cancer types. However, the prognostic value of the AGR for prostate cancer, especially for metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) after maximal androgen blockade (MAB), remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment serum AGR for mPCa treated with MAB. This retrospective study included 214 mPCa patients receiving MAB from October 2007 to March 2017. The correlation of the AGR with survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. The cutoff value of the AGR was 1.45 according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with a low AGR (<1.45) had poor outcomes in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Multivariate Cox analyses showed that the AGR was an independent predictor of PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.642; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.430-0.957; P = 0.030) and CSS (HR = 0.412; 95% CI: 0.259-0.654; P < 0.001). Furthermore, in a subset of 79 patients with normal serum albumin levels (≥40.0 g l-1), the serum AGR remained an independent predictor of CSS (P = 0.009). The pretreatment AGR was an independent prognostic biomarker for PFS and CSS in patients with mPCa receiving MAB. In addition, the AGR remained effective for the prediction of CSS in patients with normal albumin levels (≥40 g l-1). However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our conclusions.

The Influence of Ethnicity on Exclusively Breast-Fed Infants' Anthropometry in a Multiethnic Asian Population

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>We studied the effects of ethnicity on early infant growth patterns in exclusively breast-fed (EBF) infants from a Singaporean multiethnic population. This was a prospective cohort study conducted in National University Hospital, Singapore.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>Healthy, EBF infants born at-term completing 37 weeks and above, and whose birthweight was appropriate for gestational age (>10 centile, <90 centile) were recruited. Infants were required to be EBF at least until the minimum age of weaning. All infants who were preterm and premature, formula-fed, required Intensive/High Dependency care, or born with major congenital anomalies were excluded. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted at 5 predetermined time-points (birth; 4-8 weeks; 3-4, 5-8, 12 months) to study the effects of antenatal/parental factors on infant growth.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 213 infants were recruited. Maternal age, height and body mass index positively influenced birthweights while maternal hypertension and paternal smoking negatively influenced birthweights. Mean duration of breastfeeding was 8.9 months. Chinese ethnicity did not influence birth anthropometry, but was the single consistent factor that significantly increased weight and length Z-scores from 4-8 weeks until 8 months of life. Chinese ethnicity did not influence head growth throughout the first year of life.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EBF Chinese infants have increased weights and lengths compared to non-Chinese infants until 8 months' age, despite similar birth anthropometry. This period of discrepant growth coincides with the average duration of breastfeeding. We hypothesise that ethnic variations in breast milk macronutrient composition influence early somatic growth in infants.</p>

Propofol activates rat hippocampal astrocytes time-dependently via ERK signaling pathway / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To detect the effects of propofol on rat hippocampal astrocytes and clarify its mechanism.Methods·According to the time after propofol injection,twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,i.e.0 min,45 min and 90 min group.Rats were administrated intraperitoneally with propofol (10 mg/mL,100 mg/kg body weight).The levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β mRNA in rat hippocampus were evaluated by realtime PCR.And cell viabilities and levels of GFAP mRNA were examined in primary cultured hippocampal astrocytes induced by 10 μmol/L propofol with or without 10 μmol/L extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059 pretreatment.Results·The mRNA levels of GFAP in the hippocampal tissue were (1.32±0.12) times (P=0.000) and (1.12±0.09) times (P=0.012) that in 0 min group,respectively,45 min and 90 min after injection of propofol.The mRNA levels of S100β in the hippocampal tissue were (1.14±0.11) times (P=0.005) and (1.05±0.10)times (P=0.284) that in 0 min group,respectively,45 min and 90 min after injection of propofol.The mRNA levels of GFAP and S100β were timedependently altered,first increasing,and then decreasing.In vitro,the cell viabilities (P=0.041) and levels of GFAP mRNA (P=0.026) in primary cultured hippocampal astrocytes were significantly elevated after propofol treatment,and these effects of propofol were reversed by ERK inhibitor PD98059.Conclusion·Propofol time-dependently upregulated the expression of GFAP and S100β via ERK signaling pathway in rat hippocampal astrocytes,so as to activate astrocytes.

Management and Outcomes of Fetal Hydrops in a Tertiary Care Centre in Singapore

: Fetal hydrops is a serious condition which can be caused by immune and non-immune aetiologies. We aimed to review the management of fetal hydrops at our hospital.: A retrospective review of all cases of fetal hydrops diagnosed in our institution from 2006 to 2013 was carried out.: Out of the 30 cases of fetal hydrops diagnosed antenatally, 17 were cases of Bart's hydrops which were all terminated in-utero. Of the remaining 13 cases, 11 cases consisted of non-immune causes of hydrops. Planned antenatal interventions including in-utero blood transfusions (n = 4) and thoracentesis (n = 5) as well as planned caesarean deliveries (n = 11) were performed in the majority of cases. Postnatal neonatal intensive care with interventions including chest drainage and transfusions were also performed. A majority, 92%, of the cases survived the perinatal period following a variable length of hospital stay ranging from a week to 3 months.: Management of fetal hydrops is complex. Close coordination between the obstetric and neonatal teams was the key to good short-term survival of neonates with antenatally diagnosed hydrops, as it allows timely antenatal intervention and anticipation of potential perinatal complications.

Limited benefit of hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis in children of hepatitis B e antigen-negative mothers

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>In 2006, Singapore adopted the universal hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) policy. Since then, all infants of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers receive HBIg, irrespective of maternal hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status. However, the benefits of HBIg for infants of HBeAg-negative mothers are unclear. We compared the vertical transmission rates among children of HBeAg-negative mothers who were given HBIg versus a retrospective cohort who were not given HBIg, to determine its protective effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This observational study involved pregnant HBsAg-positive women seen at National University Hospital, Singapore, between June 2009 and December 2013. If the infants of these mothers completed the recommended vaccination schedule, they were recruited into the study, along with their older siblings. Serological testing for the children was performed three months after completion of the last dose of vaccine, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface gene sequencing was carried out if HBV DNA was detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 111 infants and 47 siblings were recruited. 2 (1.5%) children were found to have vertical transmission despite receiving HBIg, while no incidences of vertical transmission were found among the historical controls who did not receive HBIg (p = 1.00).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The overall effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination programme for children of HBsAg-positive mothers was high, regardless of HBIg administration. The addition of HBIg did not appear to confer additional benefits, in terms of vertical transmission rate, among infants born to HBeAg-negative mothers.</p>

The effect of immediate surgical bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate on prostatic hyperplasia with acute urinary retention / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

In the present study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of immediate surgical bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate (PK-TURP) for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with acute urinary retention (AUR). We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data of BPH patients who received PK-TURP. A total of 1126 BPH patients were divided into AUR (n = 348) and non-AUR groups (n = 778). After the urethral catheters were removed, the urine white blood cell (WBC) count in the AUR group significantly increased compared with the non-AUR group (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in international prostate symptom score, painful urination, and maximal urinary flow rate. The duration of hospitalization of the AUR group was longer than that of the non-AUR group (P < 0.001). A total of 87.1% (303/348) patients in the AUR group and 84.1% (654/778) patients in the non-AUR group completed all of the postoperative follow-up visits. The incidence of urinary tract infection in the AUR group within 3 months after surgery was significantly higher than that in the non-AUR group (P < 0.01). The incidence of temporary urinary incontinence in the AUR group did not exhibit significant difference. During 3-12 months after surgery, there were no significant differences in major complications between the two groups. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, postvoid residual, maximal urinary flow rate, diabetes, and hypertension, but not the presence of AUR, were independent predictors of IPSS post-PK-TURP. In conclusion, immediate PK-TURP surgery on patients accompanied by AUR was safe and effective.

Causes of orchiectomy: An analysis of 291 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the causes of orchiectomy in different age groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data about 291 cases of orchiectomy performed between March 1993 and October 2014 and analyzed the causes of surgery and their distribution in different age groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The main causes of orchiectomy were testicular torsion (45.8%), cryptorchidism (32.5%) and testicular tumor (16.9%) in the patients aged 0-25 years, testicular tumor (42.4%), cryptorchidism (25.9%) and tuberculosis (10.6%) in those aged 26-50 years. Prostate cancer was the leading cause in those aged 51-75 years (77.6%) or older (84.0%)), and testicular tumor was another cause in the 51-75 years old men (10.2%). Prostate cancer, testicular tumor, cryptorchidism, and testicular torsion were the first four causes of orchiectomy between 1993 and 2009. From 2010 to 2014, however, testicular tumor rose to the top while prostate cancer dropped to the fourth place.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The causes of orchiectomy vary in different age groups. The proportion of castration for prostate cancer patients significantly reduced in the past five years, which might be attributed to the improvement of comprehensive health care service.</p>

Roles of adenosine and cytokines in the prostate tissue of rats with acute bacterial prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possible roles of adenosine and the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A (ABP), B (ABP + theophylline intervention), C (sham) and D (blank control). ABP models were established by injecting Escherichia coli 0157 into the prostate, and those in group B were treated by intraperitoneal injection of theophylline immediately after modeling. At 4 and 14 days, the prostate tissues of the rats were collected for detection of the expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by immunohistochemistry and the concentration of adenosine by high-performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 4 and 14 days, the concentrations of adenosine were significantly higher in group A ([48.38 +/- 17.27] and [26.54 +/- 11.22] microg/g) than in C ([0.45 +/- 0.25] and [0.46 +/- 0.29] microg/g) and D ([0.41 +/- 0.23] and [0.43 +/- 0.27] microg/g) (P < 0.05), and so were the expressions of TNF-alpha in A (0.23 +/- 0.08 and 0.21 +/- 0.03) than in C (0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.01) and D (0.07 +/- 0.06 and 0.07 +/- 0.06) (P < 0.05), and those of IL-10 in A (0.13 +/- 0.03 and 0.25 +/- 0.01) than in C (0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.03) and D (0.07 +/- 0.01 and 0.07 +/- 0.02) (P < 0.05). Compared with group A, the rats in group B showed significant increases at 4 and 14 days in the severity of inflammation, concentration of adenosine ([86.64 +/- 32.87] and [51.17 +/- 22.96] microg/g, P < 0.05) and expression of TNF-alpha (0.37 +/- 0.08 and 0.32 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05), but exhibited no remarkable difference in the expression of IL-10 (0.12 +/- 0.06 and 0.15 +/- 0.06, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adenosine may affect the progression of inflammation by regulating the expressions of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in ABP rats through the adenosine receptor signaling pathway.</p>

Low-dose tadalafil for erectile dysfunction following pelvic fracture-induced urethral injury: clinical observation of 42 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of daily low-dose tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) following pelvic fracture-induced urethral injury (PFUI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the length of time between pelvic fracture and the patients' clinic visit, we divided 42 PFUI-caused ED patients into groups A (< 1 month), B (6-24 months) and C (> 24 months). We treated them with tadalafil at 5 mg daily for 12 weeks consecutively, followed by evaluation of the therapeutic effect using IIEF-5 questionnaire and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diaries.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-four patients (83.3%) completed the investigation and all responded well to tadalafil medication. Group A showed significant differences from B and C in the increase of IIEF-5 scores and the positive rate of SEP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Daily low-dose tadalafil helps penile rehabilitation in ED patients following PFUI, and the earlier the medication is initiated, the better the effect will be.</p>

Distribution of HoxA13 in the prepuce and urethral plate in different types of hypospadias and its implication / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of the HoxA13 gene from the HOX family in the development of hypospadias by detecting the transcription and expression of HoxA13 in the prepuce and urethral plate of hypospadias patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected the tissues from the prepuce and urethral plate of 30 hypospadias patients aged 3.3 - 11.6 years, the prepuce of 10 phimosis children aged 3.1 - 10.4 years and the urethra of 10 penile carcinoma patients aged 48.1 - 75.6 years with no urethral involvement, the latter 20 taken as controls. We divided the tissue samples into a distal, an intermedial, a proximal and a control group, and detected the expressions of HoxA13 mRNA and protein in different groups by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RT-PCR showed that the HoxA13 mRNA expressions in the prepuce and urethral plate were significantly higher in the control group (1.409 +/- 0.441 and 1.270 +/- 0.209) than in the intermedial (0.848 +/- 0.338 and 0.684 +/- 0.228) and proximal group (0.497 +/- 0.218 and 0.464 +/- 0.164) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and so were they in the distal (1.071 +/- 0.342 and 1.054 +/- 0.189) than in the proximal group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the HoxA13 protein expressions in the prepuce and urethral plate were remarkably higher in the control group (12 050 +/- 4 112 and 13 420 +/- 2 636) than in the intermedial (5 217 +/- 1 993 and 5 238 +/- 3 065) and proximal group (2 095 +/- 1 591 and 2 238 +/- 2 217) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and so were they in the distal (8 223 +/- 3 212 and 10 450 +/- 2 123) than in the proximal group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transcription and expression of HoxA13 in the prepuce and urethral plate of hypospadias patients are closely related with the abnormal position of the urethral meatus, and their abnormal expressions may affect the development and formation of the urethra.</p>

Effects of tadalafil on erectile dysfunction: on-demand versus once-daily dosing / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of tadalafil administered on demand or once a day in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly assigned 61 ED patients to three groups to receive tadalafil on demand, at 5 mg once daily, and at 10 mg once daily, respectively. After 42 days of medication, we compared the therapeutic effects among different groups using the patients' sexual encounter profile (SEP) diaries, detected the adverse reactions and assessed the safety of tadalafil.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-three (86.7%) of the patients completed the investigation, and all responded well to tadalafil medication, with a significantly improved success rate of sexual intercourse and a low rate of mild adverse effects. The mean positive rates of SEP were basically similar between the on-demand and once-daily groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are no significant differences in the improvement of penile erection and sexual satisfaction of ED patients treated by on-demand and once-daily administration of tadalafil.</p>

Transfection of iNOS suppresses the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene on androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The iNOS gene was transfected into androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells. The positive cells were selected as the transfected group for amplification, and an empty vector (EV) group and a control group were also set. The mRNA transcription of iNOS was analyzed by RT-PCR. The morphological changes of the cells were observed, the effect of iNOS transfection on the cell growth determined using the MTB method, and the apoptosis of DU145 cells detected by flow cytometry, followed by analysis of the effect of NOS inhibitors on the transfected cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DU145 cells transfected with iNOS secreted significantly more nitric oxide ([272.50 +/- 15.82] micromol/L) than those of the EV and control groups ([122.00 +/- 18.93] micromol/L and [121.00 +/- 6.98] micromol/L) (P < 0.05). The rate of cell apoptosis was markedly enhanced in the transfected group as compared with the EV and control groups ([42.78 +/- 2.01]% vs [30.65 +/- 1.46]% and [28.96 +/- 1.50]%, P < 0.05). MTP test indicated a slower growth of the DU145 cells in the former than in the latter two (P < 0.05). NOS inhibitors enhanced their growth, but with no significance (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DU145 cells transfected with iNOS could secrete high-concentration nitric oxide, induce cell apoptosis, and suppress cell proliferation, which may provide a potentially effective gene therapy for advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer.</p>

Abnormalities of the testes and semen parameters in clinical varicocele / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the abnormal changes in the testes and semen parameters in patients with varicose veins and analyze the possible relationship between clinical varicocele and infertility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed the records of 172 male patients consulting for varicocele in our hospital since 2003. All these patients were examined for the size of the testes with scrotal ultrasound. The semen samples of the patients with varicocele except for 5 under the age of 17 years were collected and analyzed, using the data of semen analyses of 163 healthy young male volunteers (aged 18-29 years) as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 172 patients had left-sided varicose veins. Sixty-three patients were found to have bilateral varicocele, and in most of them, the clinical grades of the left-sided varicose veins were higher than those of the right-sided ones. The mean volume of the left testis of the patients was 10.99∓3.71 ml, significantly smaller than that of the right one (11.86∓4.05 ml, P<0.01). The physiochemical indices of the patients, including the voiding volume, semen pH, liquefaction time and sperm concentration, were normal or similar with those of the healthy volunteers (P>0.05). Almost all the patients sperm motility and viability were significantly lower than those of the healthy volunteers (P<0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in the sperm density, motility or viability between the patients with unilateral and bilateral varicocele (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Varicocele may decrease the testicular volume. Both unilateral and bilateral varicocele may have an effect on the bilateral testes to cause possible functional impairment of the testes manifested by decreased sperm motility and viability.</p>

Transverse preputial island flap technique (Duckett's procedure) for hypospadias repair: a report of 356 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of the transverse preputial island flap technique (Duckett's procedure) for hypospadias repair.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 356 patients with hypospadias were treated by Duckett's procedure from March 1995 to December 2010, of whom 324 (91.0%) were younger than 14 years. The length of urethra repair ranged from 1.5 to 10 cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total success rate of Duckett's procedure was 91.0%. Urethra fistula occurred in 30 cases, external orifice stricture in 1, and urethral anastomosis stricture in another. There were no significant differences in the rate of complications among either different age groups or different surgical times (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Duckett's procedure remains the first choice for the one-stage repair of hypospadias, especially applicable to hypospadias with chordee.</p>

Giant prostatic hyperplasia: a case report and review of the literature / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and surgical treatment of giant prostatic hyperplasia</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 case of GPH, and reviewed the relevant literature published at (GPH). home and abroad.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient was 77 years of age. The main clinical features were increased nocturnal urine and gross hematuria. The maximum urinary flow rate was 10 ml/s, the total PSA was 37 pIg/L and the prostate volume was 11 x 10 x 8 cm. Suprapubic prostatectomy was performed successfully, and the removed prostate weighed 450 g. Pathologic examination showed the case to be benign prostatic hyperplasia. The patient was discharged 21 days after surgery, without any obvious complications. We identified 83 cases with the prostate weighing over 200 g in the domestic literature, and 14 cases with the prostate volume exceeding 500 g in the foreign literature, mostly treated by suprapubic prostatectomy and only a few by retropubic prostatectomy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GPH, as a rare entity whose nomenclature is not yet agreed-on, can be diagnosed according to its clinical manifestations and the results of transrectal ultrasonography and prostate CT. Surgical methods most frequently adopted for its treatment include transurethral prostatectomy, transvesical suprapubic prostatectomy, retropubic prostatectomy, and laparoscopic prostatectomy.</p>

Causes, location and management of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the possible causes of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture and summarize the experience in its clinical management.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 37 cases of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture were analyzed retrospectively. The patients averaged 68.5 years in age, of whom 12 had the history of open surgery, and 25 transurethral surgery. Anterior urethral stricture was found in 6 cases, and posterior urethra in stricture 31. Thirty-five cases were treated by holmium laser urethrotomy (HLU) or a combination of HLU with transurethral resection of the scar in the stenotic segment, and the results were evaluated based on the maximum flow rate (Qmax).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two cases of full penile urethral stricture were treated by urinary diversion, and all the rest by urethral stricture surgery. Catheters were indwelt in 4 cases of urethral stenosis for 5-7 days post-operatively, and smooth urination was achieved after their removal, with a Qmax of > 15 ml/s. Another 31 cases of membranous urethral stricture received catheter indwelling of 2 -4 weeks and were followed up for 1 - 21 (mean 11. 5) months, of whom 23 experienced satisfactory voiding, with an average Qmax of 14.3 ml/s, and the other 8 poor voiding, with a Qmax of < 8 ml/s.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLU or a combination of HLU with transurethral resection of the scar in the stenotic segment is an effective method for the treatment of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture. And conscientiously performed BPH surgery can reduce the incidence of urethral stricture.</p>

Urethral dilatation with the renal sheath dilator under the ureteroscope to treat male urethrostenosis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficacy of urethral dilatation with the renal sheath dilator under the ureteroscope in the treatment of male patients with urethrostenosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen male patients with urethrostenosis underwent urethral dilatation with the renal sheath dilator. Under the ureteroscope, a zebra-guide wire was inserted through the stenosed urethra into the bladder and the stenosis was gradually dilated with the renal sheath dilator, followed by placing a Foley catheter of proper size for 1-4 weeks. For children, the renal sheath dilator was selected according to their age, while for adults, metal dilators (> or = F20) were used following dilatation with the F18 renal sheath dilator. All the patients were followed up for 6-24 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation was successfully performed in all the 18 cases, with no urethral false passage, urethral perforation or urethra tearing. Sixteen of the patients were cured, and the other 2 received urethroplasty for stenosis recurrence. The maximum flow rate was increased to 13.6-30.2 (18.1 +/- 3.5) mL/s after the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Urethral dilatation with the renal sheath dilator under the ureteroscope is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of urethrostenosis.</p>