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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(3): 401-405, mar. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784912

ABSTRACT

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by pathologic expansion and activation of mast cells. The main clinical manifestations of SM include skin involvement, gastrointestinal symptoms and anaphylaxis due to the release of its mediators. Thirty percent of pat ients with SM have a low bone mass and 20% fractures. At the same time, SM affects 10% of male patients with idiopathic osteoporosis. Measuring serum tryptase is essential for the screening of MS. We report two cases of SM with bone involvement. A 25-year- old woman with prior diagnosis of SM, based on skin involvement, flushing, high serum tryptase and compatible bone marrow (BM) biopsy and genetic study. Low bone mass was diagnosed and treatment was started with calcium and vitamin D plus oral bisphosphona tes with adequate response. A 47 years old man who presented with multiple osteoporotic vertebral fractures and low bone mass. Treatment with vitamin D and alendronate was started, but the patient developed new vertebral fractures. The study was extended w ith measurement of serum tryptase that was elevated. Diagnosis of SM was confirmed with BM biopsy and the patient was referred to hematology for specific care. These cases emphasize the importance of bone assessment in SM, as well as the need to rule out S M in patients with osteoporosis and no evident cause.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis/etiology , Mastocytosis, Systemic/complications , Osteoporosis/pathology , Biopsy , Urticaria Pigmentosa/etiology , Urticaria Pigmentosa/pathology , Risk Factors , Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology , Densitometry , Fractures, Bone/etiology , Tryptases/blood
2.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 32(1): 43-46, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-916406

ABSTRACT

El Xantogranuloma Juvenil (XJ) es un tumor benigno de la infancia, constituido por histiocitos progresivamente lipidizados, en ausencia de anomalías metabólicas. Se reporta un caso de XJ múltiple en un lactante. Paciente masculino de 1 año y 11 meses de edad, sin antecedentes mórbidos. Consultó por lesiones de 15 meses de evolución en cuero cabelludo. Al examen físico destacaban dos pápulas amarillentas y tres máculas anaranjadas en cuero cabelludo. A la dermatoscopía se apreciaba un color amarillonaranja homogéneo. La biopsia incisional demostró infiltrado de histiocitos en dermis y células de Touton. A la inmunohistoquímica, los histiocitos fueron CD68 positivo, S100 negativo y CD1a negativo. Los exámenes de laboratorio y la evaluación por oftalmología no evidenciaron anormalidades. El XJ es un tumor benigno, siendo la forma más común de Histiocitosis no Langerhans. El 90% de las veces ocurre en etapas tempranas de la vida. Se caracteriza por una pápula o nódulo asintomático, amarillo-anaranjado, que compromete cabeza, cuello y/o tronco superior. Hasta el 82% de los casos se manifiesta de manera única. El ojo es el sitio extracutáneo más frecuentemente comprometido. La dermatoscopía describe un patrón de "puesta de sol". Su pronóstico es bueno y tiende a involucionar a los 3-6 años desde su aparición. Se presenta este caso dado que el XJ múltiple es menos frecuente de observar que su forma única y para recordar que su asociación con neurofibromatosis tipo 1 predispone a un mayor riesgo de desarrollar una leucemia mieloide crónica infantil.


The Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JX) is a benign tumor of childhood, composed of progressively lipidized histiocytes in the absence of metabolic abnormalities. A case of multiple JX is reported in an infant. Male patient of 1 year and 11 months, without morbid history. Checking injuries in scalp of 15 months of evolution. At physical examination highlights two yellow papules and three orange macules in the scalp. Dermatoscopy shown a homogeneous yellow-orange color. The incisional biopsy showed infiltration of histiocytes in the dermis and Touton cells. At immunohistochemistry, histiocytes were CD68 positive, S100 negative and CD1a negative. Laboratory tests and evaluation by Ophthalmology showed no abnormalities. The JX is a benign tumor, been the most common form non- Langerhans histiocytosis. This taking place 90% of the time in early life, and characterized by yellow-orange asymptomatic papule or nodule, which undertake head, neck and / or upper body. Up to 82% of cases appears uniquely. The eye is the most frequently committed extracutaneous site. The dermoscopy describes a pattern of "setting sun". His prognosis is good and tends to return to the 3-6 years since their appearance. We present this case because the multiple JX is less common to observe that this singular form, and to remember that their association with neurofibromatosis type 1 predisposes to increased risk of developing childhood chronic myeloid leukemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile/diagnosis , Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Dermoscopy
3.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 31(4): 369-374, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869701

ABSTRACT

La acropigmentación reticulada de Dohi (ARD) o discromía simétrica hereditaria se encuentra dentro de los desórdenes con pigmentación reticular hereditaria. Es una rara entidad que se describió por primera vez en 1929 en Japón por Toyama. Presenta herencia autosómica dominante y el gen responsable se encuentra en el cromosoma 1q21 que codifica para una proteína ARN-adenosina desaminasa (ADAR1 o DSRAD). A pesar, que es un desorden benigno y no reviste complicaciones suele ser estéticamente desfigurante. A continuación, se presenta un caso clínico y se realizará una revisión de la literatura de los otras genodermatosis con pigmentación reticular.


Hereditary symmetric dyschromatosis, also known as reticulated acropigmentation of Dohi is included within a spectrum of reticulate pigment disorders of the skin. It’s a pigmentary disorder characterized by the presence of hypopigmented and hyperpigmented macules giving a reticular pattern in acral areas. It is a rare entity first described in 1929 by Toyama in Japan. It has autosomal dominant inheritance and the responsible gene codes for an RNA adenosine deaminase protein (ADAR1 or dsRAD) on chromosome 1q21. Although, it`s a benign disorder, it can be aesthetically disfiguring. We present a case report and review of the literature of genodermatosis with reticular pigmentation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Acrodermatitis/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Acrodermatitis/pathology , Acrodermatitis/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Pigmentation Disorders/pathology , Pigmentation Disorders/therapy
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 56(5): 359-61, sep.-oct. 1985. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-27569

ABSTRACT

Se analiza la estructura de los grupos de diagnósticos y dianósticos específicos, en las consultas realizadas por una población de 15 a 19 años, durante un año, en 5 consultorios del Servicio de Salud Metropolitana Occidente. Estas anteciones de salud corresponden a 6,1% del total otorgado en el programa del adulto con un rango de 10% a 2,8%. Las consultas disminuyen de los 15 a los 19 años de 20% a 16%. Los adolescentes consultan principalmente por enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, respiratorias, y mentales, osteomusculares, digestivas. No se observan diferencias importantes en cada edad. Las causas específicas más frecuentes corresponden a neurosis, virosis respiratorias, bronquitis, discopatías y colon irritable. En este análisis conviene tener presente que el enfoque anamnéstico, diagnóstico y terapéutico es diferente si la atención del adolescente la realiza un médico de adultos o un pediatra, y ello debe influir en la estructura de las consultas por causas


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Adolescent Medicine , Primary Health Care , Referral and Consultation , Ambulatory Care , Chile , Morbidity
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