ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalence of internet addiction disorder (IAD) in middle school students of Hunan and to explore its risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>5760 middle school students and their parents were sampled at random in Hunan province using two-stage sampling (stratified sampling and cluster sampling) method. The ten-item diagnosis tool for IAD, self-rating depression scale, self-rating anxiety scale, interpersonal sensitivity subscale of symptom checklist, family assessment device, parenting locus of control scale, and self-developed questionnaire were employed together to gather related data. 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to describe the prevalence of IAD. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were employed respectively to compare the differences of IAD prevalence among different subpopulations and to explore the possible influential factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall prevalence of IAD in middle school students of Hunan was 5.52%, with 95% CI as 4.84-6.20. IAD prevalence rates between males and females, being or not being monitored in the class and among different grades, showed significant differences (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found between single child or having siblings in the family, being at key middle school or ordinary middle school, or within residential areas, (P > 0.05). Gender, tired of going to school, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, peer influence in haunting at internet bars, father's education level, the number of recreational settings in the community etc. were the influencing factors of IAD, with ORs as 0.281, 3.469, 2.318, 1.710, 1.877, 1.456, 1.273 and 0.726 respectively (P < 0.10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of IAD in middle school students of Hunan was moderate compared to the reported prevalence rates in other provinces. Gender and peer influence in haunting at internet bars and other 6 factors were suggested to be correlated with IAD events.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Behavior, Addictive , Epidemiology , China , Epidemiology , Internet , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Sex Factors , StudentsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To develop a specific quality of life scale for Chinese Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.@*METHODS@#According to the quality of life definition of WHO, we used methods adhered to the rigorous guidelines of instrument development in item pool formation, item selection and scale validation with the data of 236 Type 2 diabetic patients recruited.@*RESULTS@#An 87-item Quality of Life Scale for patients with Type 2 DM-prior test version ( DMQLS), including 5 domains ( disease, physical, social, psychological, and satisfaction ) was developed and showed good reliability and validity. The disease domain made up of Type 2 diabetes mellitus-specific sub-scale and the other 4 domains formed the generic sub-scale for adults. The test-retest correlation coefficient, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and split-half reliability coefficient of DMQLS were 0.996, 0.969 and 0.879, respectively. Twenty-one common factors were extracted according to the conceptual model. The scale's correlations with SF-36 and Diabetes Quality of Life Measure ( DQOL ) were 0.763 and 0.658. DMQLS could discriminate among those with different quality of lives.@*CONCLUSION@#DMQLS is reliable, valid and sensitive, and can be used to evaluate the curative effect of Type 2 diabetic patients.