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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(3): 559-567, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785039

ABSTRACT

Abstract Basic information on natural history is crucial for assessing the viability of populations, but is often lacking for many species of conservation concern. One such species is the White-tailed Tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (Mathews, 1915). Here, we address this shortfall by providing detailed information on reproductive biology, distribution and threats on the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil – the largest colony of P. lepturus in the South Atlantic. We assessed reproduction from August 2011 to January 2012 by monitoring tropicbird nests and their contents. A population estimate was obtained through a combination of active searches for nests and by census at sea between 2010 and 2012. Breeding success was calculated by traditional methods. The growth curve of chicks and life table were also calculated. Additional information on nest and mate fidelity and on age of breeding birds was obtained from the banded birds. Our results indicate that the unusual nest form (limestone pinnacles) and predation by crabs may be responsible for the observed patterns of hatching and fledging success. Although the Fernando de Noronha population appears to be stable (at between 100-300 birds), a long term monitoring program would be desirable to assess fluctuations in this globally important population. Conservation strategies should focus on controlling predation by land crabs and tegu lizards.


Resumo Informações básicas sobre história natural são cruciais para acessar a viabilidade de populações, mas são ausentes para muitas espécies que necessitam de conservação. Uma destas espécies é o rabo-de-palha-de-bico-laranja, Phaethon lepturus Daudin, 1802. Aqui, vamos abordar o déficit de dados para esta espécie, fornecendo informações detalhadas sobre a biologia reprodutiva, tamanho da população, distribuição e ameaças em Fernando de Noronha, Brasil – a maior colônia de P. lepturus no Atlântico Sul. Acompanhamos a reprodução do rabo-de-palha-de-bico-laranja de Agosto de 2010 a Janeiro de 2011 monitorando ninhos e seus conteúdos. A estimativa da população foi obtida através de uma combinação de busca ativa de ninhos e censo no mar entre 2010 e 2012. O sucesso reprodutivo foi avaliado por métodos tradicionais. A curva de crescimento da coorte e a tabela de vida também foram obtidas. Além disso, informações sobre fidelidade ao ninho e parceiro e, a idade de reprodutores foi obtida a partir das aves anilhadas anteriormente. Nossos resultados indicam que a forma incomum de ninho (pináculos de calcário) e a predação por caranguejos podem ser responsáveis pelo sucesso observado de eclosão e recrutamento. A população de Fernando de Noronha parece estar estável entre 100-300 aves. No entanto, um programa de monitoramento a longo prazo seria desejável para avaliar as flutuações desta população globalmente importante. As estratégias de conservação devem se concentrar em controlar a predação por caranguejos e lagartos teiú.


Subject(s)
Animals , Reproduction/physiology , Birds/physiology , Breeding/statistics & numerical data , Nesting Behavior/physiology , Predatory Behavior , Brazil , Conservation of Natural Resources
2.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 21(2): 5416-5425, May-Aug. 2016. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-829657

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective . To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a proteolytic drug "chymotrypsin" combined with beta-lactam antibiotics in cows with acute mastitis. Material and Methods. Fourteen cows with acute mastitis. Three cows were treated with a beta-latam antibiotic (BLA) and the other eleven cows were treated with chymotrypsin plus beta-lactam antibiotic (C+BLA). The response was evaluated according to the semiological findings, somatic cell count (SCC) and a microbiological culture. Results. There was a therapeutic efficacy comparing the pre and post treatment period (SCC reduction, p<0.01) and a reduction of clinical signs in 84.7% of treated quarters in the first day of treatment (C+BLA) compared with (BLA). Conclusions. Chymotrypsin improves the treatment of acute mastitis when is combined with BLA, controlling the infected mammary glands, compared with the group treated only with amoxicilina and clavulanic acid.


RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia terapéutica del fármaco proteolítico "quimotripsina", en tratamientos conjuntos con un antibiótico betalactámico en vacas con mastitis aguda. Material y métodos. Se evaluaron el conteo de células somáticas (CCS) y los hallazgos semiológicos, comparando la eficacia con un grupo de animales en donde sólo fue utilizado el antibiótico. Resultados. Los resultados revelaron eficacia clínica (disminución del CCS, p<0.01) y ausencia de signos clínicos agudos en el 84.7% de los cuartos observados, incluso observándose respuesta anti-inflamatoria desde las primeras horas del tratamiento. El restante 15.3% también presentó eficacia clínica a la terapia aunque la respuesta fue moderada en comparación con el 84.7% de los casos que tuvieron la respuesta acelerada. Conclusiones. Lo anterior permite concluir que el uso de quimotripsina en casos de mastitis aguda, acelera la respuesta en la glándula mamaria infectada e inflamada, con mayor eficacia que los tratamientos con sólo amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cattle , Therapeutics , Livestock Industry , Pharmacologic Actions
3.
Salus ; 18(2): 7-12, ago. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-740462

ABSTRACT

La muerte está constituida por una sucesión de fases de desestructuración rápida y progresiva del funcionamiento integrado del organismo, como unidad biológica. Bajo este paradigma biomédico, el cuerpo sin vida de una persona sigue siendo visto como un objeto, al igual como se percibe desde la mirada cartesiana. Al ver como día a día los cuerpos humanos sin vida, son irrespetados, degradados y vistos como simples objetos; nos motivamos a realizar este trabajo, cuyo objetivo general fue interpretar el significado asignado al fenómeno desde la perspectiva de los sujetos del estudio. Este estudio se realizó bajo la matriz epistémica fenomenológica. Se utilizó el diseño de Herbert Spiegelberg y la entrevista a profundidad a siete sujetos vinculados al fenómeno, seleccionados de manera intencional. Ellos describieron el fenómeno desde sus propias experiencias, y a través del procesamiento de la información emergieron tres categorías: cuerpo humano sin vida, trato al cuerpo humano sin vida, y la muerte. De allí surgió la teoría emergente: Al cuerpo humano sin vida, le fueron asignados valores inherentes a su condición humana como el amor, el respeto y la dignidad, los cuales tienen trascendencia más allá de la muerte física de las personas, e implican un trato con consideraciones propias del derecho natural a morir dignamente. Esa visión de preservación de la condición humana, como un estado transitorio entre la vida y una existencia póstuma en un territorio desconocido, refleja una prolongación de la vida, como también ocurre con el sentimiento de no abandonar el recuerdo de la persona fallecida.


Death occurs in a succession of stages of rapidly and progressive destructuration of the integrated functioning of the body, as biological unit. Under this biomedical paradigm, lifeless body of a person is still seen as an object, just as it is perceived from the Cartesian view. By seeing that everyday lifeless human bodies are disrespected, degraded and viewed as mere objects, we motivated ourselves to carry out this work, whose objective was to interpret the meaning assigned to the phenomenon from the perspective of the study subjects. This study was guided under the phenomenological epistemic matrix. Herbert Spiegelberg design was used and depth interview to seven subjects linked to the phenomenon; intentionally selected. They described the phenomenon from their own experiences, and through information processing emerged three categories: lifeless human body, treatment of lifeless human body, and death. From here, it arouse the emerging theory: values inherent in the human condition were assigned to the lifeless human body as love, respect and dignity, which have significance beyond the physical death of people, and involve a treatment with considerations inherent in the right to die with dignity. That vision of preserving human condition as a transitional state between life and a posthumous existence in an unknown territory reflects a prolongation of life, just as the feeling of not leaving the memory of the deceased.

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