Identification of SNP c. -22G>A in the melanophilin gene from a dog with color dilution alopecia: case report / Identificação do SNP c. -22G>A no gene da melanophilina em um cão com alopecia por diluição da cor: relato de caso

Mutant color alopecia is an ectodermical defection of color dilution, characterized by partial alopecia, dry, shine-less hair, and peeling and papule. Melanization damages also occur on the cortical structure of the affected hair. The animals affected have big melanin grains with irregular shape on the basal keratinocytes, also on the hair matrix cells and rod. Therefore, there is not a specific treatment that makes any difference on the syndrome evolution. Although in some animals, it is possible to use weekly showers with benzyl peroxide to reduce seborrhea formation and secondary infections. There is evidence that the condition in dogs is caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding the melanophilin protein. In the present study the identification of the SNP c.-22G>A in the melanophilin gene of a Dachshund breed dog with clinical and histopathologic evidence of color dilution alopecia is reported.(AU)

Alopecia por diluição da cor é um defeito ectodérmico caracterizado por alopecia parcial, pelagem seca e sem brilho, escamação e pápulas em áreas com defeitos na melanização e na estrutura cortical dos pelos. Os animais acometidos têm grânulos de melanina grandes e com formato irregular nos ceratinócitos basais, nas células da matriz dos pelos e nas hastes pilosas. Não existe tratamento específico que altere a evolução da síndrome, mas, em alguns animais, podem ser benéficos banhos semanais com xampu de peróxido de benzoíla, para reduzir a formação de seborreia e infecções secundárias. Há evidências de que a condição em cães é causada por uma mutação de ponto no gene que codifica a proteína melanophilina. No presente estudo, é relatada a identificação da mutação SNP c.-22G>A no gene da melanophilina em um cão da raça Dachshund com evidências clínicas e histopatológicas de alopecia por diluição da cor.(AU)

Cytotoxic effect of double emulsion (w/o/w) cuso4 loaded pla nanoparticles on mkn-45 gastric adenocarcinoma cell line / Efecto citotóxico de nanopartículas de pla de doble emulsión (w/o/w) cargadas con cuso4 sobre la línea célular de adenocarcinoma gástrico mkn-45

Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles have the approval of the main institutions for drugs administration and therapeutics. However, the use of lactic acid polymer is controversial because lactic acid has been proposed as an energy source for cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, apoptotic and cell cycle properties of PLA and CuSO4-loaded PLA biodegradable nanoparticles on MKN-45 gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. PLA nanoparticles for the delivery of the anticancer active principle CuSO4 were obtained using the double emulsion method. PLA and CuSO4 loaded PLA nanoparticles were morphologically characterized and their size determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of this drug delivery system was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; apoptosis was evaluated using YO-PRO-1/Propidium Iodide and cell cycle analysis throughout flow cytometry. CuSO4-loaded PLA nanoparticles were effective inhibitors of MKN45 cancer cell growth. They increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and induced G1/Go cell cycle arrest;whereas the anticancer activity was increased using a 96 h treatment of a minimal (1mM) concentration of CuSO4 loaded in 40 µM PLA nanoparticles. The treatment with 40 µM lactic acid and PLA (40 µM) did not increase the rate of cell survival assays related to the control, which indicate that PLA use as a polymer carrier not induce proliferation of MKN-45 cancer cells. Our research presents novel data about the effect of PLA nanoparticles and CuSO4 on gastric cancer cell line MKN45.

Las nanopartículas de ácido poli L-láctico (PLA) tienen la aprobación de las principales instituciones de administración de medicamentos y terapéutica. Sin embargo, el uso de polímero de ácido láctico es controvertido ya que el ácido láctico se ha propuesto como una fuente de energía para las células cancerosas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades citotóxicas, la apoptosis y sobre el ciclo celular de las nanoparticulas de PLA biodegradable y de estas PLA nanopartículas cargadas con CuSO4 en la línea celular de adenocarcinoma gástrico MKN-45. Las nanopartículas de PLA para la administración del principio activo CuSO4 contra el cáncer se obtuvieron utilizando el método de doble emulsión. Las nanopartículas de PLA y PLA cargadas con CuSO4 se caracterizan morfológicamente y su tamaño fue determinaron usando microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM). Se evaluó la citotoxicidad de este sistema de administración de fármacos utilizando la 3 - (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2,5-ensayo difeniltetrazolio (MTT); la apoptosis se evaluó usando yoduro de propidio/YO-PRO-1 y el análisis de ciclo celular por citometría de flujo. Las nanopartículas cargadas con CuSO4-PLA fueron eficaces inhibidores del crecimiento de las células MKN-45 cancerosas. Aumentaron citotoxicidad y la apoptosis, e inducen la detención del ciclo celular en G1/Go, mientras que la actividad contra el cáncer se incrementó con el uso de un tratamiento de 96 horas con una concentración mínima (1 mM) de CuSO4 cargado en nanopartículas con 40 µM de PLA. El tratamiento con 40 µM de ácido láctico y 40 µM PLA no aumentó la tasa de supervivencia de células en relación con el control, lo que indica que el uso de PLA como un polímero portador que no induce la proliferación de células de cáncer MKN-45. Nuestro estudio presenta nuevos datos sobre el efecto de las nanopartículas de PLA con CuSO4 en la línea celular de cáncer gástrico MKN-45.

Prevalencia de riesgo de trastornos alimentarios en adolescentes escolarizados del norte de chile / Prevalence of risk of eating disorders in school adolescents from northern chile

Objective: To describe the prevalence of risk for eating disorders in adolescents from schools aged 13 to 18 years. Methods: We applied the EDI-2 to 1.429 participants from Antofagasta attending public, subsidized and private schools. Results: there are significant differences in the risk factors evaluated between men and women, age groups and kind of schools In general, 7.4 percent of those evaluated were at risk category, increasing to 8.9 percent in women. Conclusions: The prevalence of risk of eating disorders is higher among women, aged 15 to 18 years and in participants from public establishments.

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de riesgo de trastornos alimentarios en adolescentes escolarizados de 13 a 18 años. Método: Se aplica la Escala EDI-2 a una muestra intencionada estratificada de 1.429 participantes de la ciudad de Antofagasta pertenecientes a establecimientos educacionales municipalizados, subvencionados y particulares. Resultados: se encuentran diferencias significativas en las medias de las dimensiones evaluadas entre hombres y mujeres, entre grupos de edad y entre los distintos establecimientos educacionales. A nivel general, el 7,4 por ciento de los evaluados se encuentra en la categoría de riesgo, aumentando a un 8,9 por ciento en las mujeres. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de riesgo de trastornos alimentarios es mayor en las mujeres, en el grupo de 15 a 18 años y en los participantes de establecimientos educacionales municipalizados.

Evaluación de los trastornos alimentarios: propiedades psicométricas del test EDI-2 en adolescentes escolarizados (as) de 13 a 18 años / Evaluation of eating disorders: psychometric properties of EDI-2 in students 13 to 18 years oldLD

Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of the test EDI-2 to evaluate eating disorders in Chilean adolescents Method: The sample was constituted by 1,429 adolescents (595 men and 835 women) between 13 and 18 years from the city of Antofagasta, to whom the EDI-2 test was applied. The reliability and the validity of the instrument were evaluated by factorial analysis and t-test. Results: The majority of the dimensions and the total scale have alphas above 0.70. Factorial structure observed was similar to the theoretical proposal. Conclusions: The EDI-2 test with corrections applied to Chilean population is a reliable and valid instrument for use as a screening tool in early detection of eating disorders.

Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la prueba EDI-2 para evaluar trastornos alimentarios en población chilena. Método: La muestra quedó constituida por 1.430 adolescentes escolarizados (595 hombres y 835 mujeres) entre 13 y 18 años, de la ciudad de Antofagasta, a los que se les aplicó la prueba EDI-2. Se analizó la Habilidad y la validez del instrumento a través de análisis factoriales y pruebas T. Resultados: La gran mayoría de las dimensiones, así como la escala total, presentaron alfas superiores a 0,70. La estructura factorial observada fue similar a la propuesta teórica. Conclusiones: El EDI-2 aplicado con correcciones para la población Chilena es un instrumento fiable y válido para ser utilizado como herramienta de tamizaje en la detección precoz de trastornos alimentarios.

Variations in gastric compliance induced by acute blood volume changes in anesthetized rats

The impact of acute volume imbalances on gastric volume (GV) was studied in anesthetized rats (250-300 g). After cervical and femoral vessel cannulation, a balloon catheter was positioned in the proximal stomach. The opposite end of the catheter was connected to a barostat with an electronic sensor coupled to a plethysmometer. A standard ionic solution was used to fill the balloon (about 3.0 ml) and the communicating vessel system, and to raise the reservoir liquid level 4 cm above the animals' xiphoid appendix. Due to constant barostat pressure, GV values were considered to represent the gastric compliance index. All animals were monitored for 90 min. After a basal interval, they were randomly assigned to normovolemic, hypervolemic, hypovolemic or restored protocols. Data were compared by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP) and GV values did not change in normovolemic animals (N = 5). Hypervolemic animals (N = 12) were transfused at 0.5 ml/min with a suspension of red blood cells in Ringer-lactate solution with albumin (12.5 ml/kg), which reduced GV values by 11.3 percent (P<0.05). Hypovolemic rats (N = 12) were bled up to 10 ml/kg, a procedure that increased GV values by 15.8 percent (P<0.05). In the restored group (N = 12), shed blood replacement brought GV values back to basal levels in bled animals (P>0.05). MAP and CVP values increased (P<0.05) after hypervolemia but decreased (P<0.05) with hypovolemia. In conclusion, blood volume level modulates gastric compliance, turning the stomach into an adjustable reservoir, which could be part of the homeostatic process to balance blood volume

Avaliação da tolerância e nefrotoxicidade do antimonial pentavalente administrado na dose de 40 mg Sb V/kg/dia, de 12/12 h, por 30 dias na forma cutâneo-mucosa de leishmaniose / The evaluation of the tolerance and nephrotoxicity of pentavalent antimony administered in a dose of 40 mg Sb V/kg/day, 12/12 hr, for 30 days in the mucocutaneous form of leishmaniasis

Foi avaliada a função renal de 11 pacientes com leishmaniose cutâneo-mucosa tratados com antimonial pentavalente na dose de 40mg SbV/kg/dia aplicada de 12/12 horas, em esquema contínuo, durante trinta dias. No estudo, um paciente apresentou insuficiência renal reversível e dois desenvolveram alterações enzimáticas hepáticas e eletrocardiográficas sendo o esquema terapêutico interrompido. Nos demais pacientes observou-se efeitos nefrotóxicos tais como diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular, diminuição da capacidade de concentração urinária, avaliada por um jejum hídrico de 16 horas e aumento na fração de excreção de sódio. No exame do sedimento urinário observou-se um aumento no número de leucócitos e cilindros. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo sugerem que o tratamento com antimonial pentavalente na dose de 40mg SbV/kg/dia foi menos tolerado em virtude de seus efeitos tóxicos, não parecendo apresentar índice de cura superior ao esquema atualmente preconizado de 20mg SbV/kg/dia.

The renal function of eleven patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was analyzed in a prospective study realized at the School Hospital of University of Brasília. The patients were treated with doses of 40 mg/kg/day of pentavalent antimony (Sb V), in a continuous scheme during thirty days. In this study three patients were excluded, one patient with reversible renal failure and two patients with hepatic and cardiac malfunctions. In the other eight patients, severe nephrotoxic effects were observed, like reduction of glomerular filtration rate, reduction of the urinary concentration capacity, evaluated by a sixteen hours hydric fasting and an increase of sodium fractional excretion. An increase in the number of leucocytes and cylinders were observed at the urinary sediment exam. Finally, the results shows that the treatment with pentavalent antimony in doses of 40 mg Sb/kg/day was less tolerated on account of its renal toxic effects. This scheme seems not be superior than the currently preconized scheme of 20 mg of Sb V/kg/day during 30 days.

Emprego do retalho musculocutaneo do gemeo interno em "cross-leg". / The uso os musculocutaneous cross-leg flap of the median gastrocnemius

Os autores apresentam sua rotina com o emprego dos retalhos musculares e musculocutaneos no tratamento das lesoes complexas do membro inferior. Destacam a dificuldade paro o tratamento das lesoes com grande deficit cutaneo quando localizados no terco inferior da perna. Defendem, em casos escolhidos, para o tratamento de lesoes neste nivel, o uso de retalho musculocutaneo em "cross-leg" do musculo gemeo interno. Descrevem a tecnica operatoria e sao apresentados dois casos tratados por este metodo, com bastante sucesso. As vantagens e desvantagens sao discutidas na sequenci

Uso do retalho miocutaneo do grande dorsal nas reconstrucoes mamarias. / Use of latissimus dorsii myocutaneous flap in breast reconstructions

Os autores descrevem o uso do retalho miocutaneo do musculo Grande Dorsal nas reconstrucoes mamarias pos-mastectomias. Apresentam uma revisao da literatura sobre o metodo, e sua experiencia no tratamento com esta tecnica nas sequelas pos-mastectomias. Estabelecem indicacoes para o seu uso e apresentam alguns casos operados.Concluem enumerando as vantagens deste procedimento segundo suas proprias experiencias