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AIM: To investigate the clinical features of dry eye in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with peripheral neuropathy.METHOD: Prospective cohort study. A total of 192 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2021 to March 2022. The right eyes of all patients were selected as the observation eye, among which 122 patients were diagnosed with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)and 70 patients were diagnosed with non-diabetic peripheral neuropathy(NDPN). The score of ocular surface disease index(OSDI), tear meniscus height, tear meniscus width, corneal epithelial thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, tear secretion test(Schirmer Ⅰ test, SⅠt), corneal sensitivity, meibomian gland function status score, tear film breakup time(BUT), corneal fluorescein sodium staining score and Toronto clinical scoring system(TCSS)score were compared between two groups. The correlation between OSDI score and TCSS score in type 2 diabetes patients was analyzed as well.RESULTS: The morbidity of dry eye in the DPN group(55 eyes, 45.1%)was significantly higher than that of NDPN group(20 eyes, 28.6%; χ2=5.094, P=0.024), BUT and corneal sensitivity score of DPN were lower than NDPN group(P<0.001), meanwhile, corneal staining score and meibomian gland function score were higher than NDPN group(P<0.001). OSDI scores of all subjects were negatively correlated with TCSS scores(rs=-0.233, P=0.002), and OSDI scores of DPN group were negatively correlated with TCSS scores(rs=-0.511, P<0.001), but there was no significant correlation between the two scores of NDPN patients(rs=0.007, P=0.957).CONCLUSIONS: DPN patients are more likely to develop dry eye than NDPN patients. OSDI score is not an accurate evaluation index for type 2 diabetes patients, especially for DPN patients.
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Objective • To investigate the differences of intestinal flora between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnant women and healthy pregnant women. Methods • In this study, 74 pregnant women from the Department of Obstetrics in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from Aug. 2017 to Jan. 2019 were recruited, including 51 GDM pregnant women (GDM group) and 23 healthy pregnant women (healthy group). High-throughput sequencing was performed on bacterial gene sequences from the fresh feces of all pregnant women by using Illumina MiSeq platform. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and LDA EffectSize (LEfSe) were used to detect the α diversity and expression abundance of intestinal flora of the two groups. Results • Compared with the healthy group, the intestinal flora richness of pregnant women in the GDM group was significantly higher (P=0.027). Porphyromonadaceae and Alcaligenaceae in Family, and Bacteroides in Genus of microbiota in the GDM group were significantly higher (all P<0.05). Compared with the GDM group, Burkholderiales, Lactobacillales and Bacillales in Order, Lachnospirace in Family, and Neisseria, Streptococcus, Butyricicoccusm, Gardnerella and Atopobium in Genus of microbiota in the healthy group were significantly higher (all P<0.05). Conclusion • There are significant differences of intestinal flora between GDM pregnant women and healthy pregnant women.
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The aim is to systemically review and evaluate the safety of Sophora tonkinensis from the literature on the herbal origin, toxicity record in modern literature and toxicological studies and publications in recent years. By systematic review and analysis, the results showed that its toxicity mainly involved the nervous system, the digestive system and the respiratory system, and respiratory failure may be the direct cause of death. The main symptoms included headache, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, limbs weakness, palpitation, and chest distress; as well as pale complexion, limbs trembling, convulsions, chills, high heart rate, fall of blood pressure, shock, and respiratory failure to death in severe cases. High dose and long term medication may cause serious brain damage, especially in adolescents and children. The authors have proposed to use rationally under guidance of physician and strictly according to the dosage recommended by pharmacopoeia. The patients shall not be credulous about the folk prescriptions and test recipes to use it for,prevention of colds and treatment of sore throat at will. In addition, the researches on the conventional treatment methods for S. tonkinensis poisoning, the toxic substance basis, and toxicity mechanism shall be strengthened in further studies. These efforts will play important role in exerting the drug effect and avoiding side effect.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of injecting adenosine A1 receptor agonist (CCPA) into Baihui (GV20) on the cerebral cortex induced by the ischemia/reperfusion of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, i. e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the DMSO group, and the CCPA group. The MCAO model was established by thread embolism method. At the moment of ischemia/reperfusion, the rats in DMSO group and the CCPA group were injected with DMSO (20 microL) and CCPA (0.1 mmol) 20 microL into Baihui respectively. The rats' behavior, the histomorphology of ischemic penumbra in the cerebral cortex, the expressions of Bcl-2 protein, and the apoptosis rate of neurocytes were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group and the DMSO group, the rats' behavior were markedly improved in the CCPA group (P<0.05). No obvious karyopyknosis and cytoplasm empty dye of neurons appeared. The Bcl-2 expressions in rats' cerebral cortex obviously increased (P<0.01). The apoptosis number of neurons obviously decreased (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Injecting CCPA into Bahui improved the rats' behavior and histomorphology in the ischemic penumbra, elevated the expressions of Bcl-2 protein, and reduced the neurons apoptosis rate in the ischemic penumbra. It alleviated the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, it could be taken as a new treatment method.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acupuncture Points , Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Brain Ischemia , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Cerebral Cortex , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury , Metabolism , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a RP-HPLC method for determination of plasma progesterone and to apply the method for pharmacokinetics study of progesterone-loaded lipid nanoparticles after oral administration in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The plasma samples were collected from castrated rat after oral administration of progesterone-loaded lipid nanoparticles and extracted by acetic ether. The determination was performed on a Hypersil C18 column (150 mm X 3.9 mm , 5 microm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (60:40) at a flow-rate of 0.6 ml/min. The UV detector was at 240 nm and danazol was used as internal standard.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Good linearity was obtained over the range of 0.02-2 microg/ml progesterone in plasma(r=0.9999, n=3). The quantification limit was (0.02 +/-0.004) microg/ml(n=3) and the limit of detection was 0.005 microg.mL(-1)(S/N = or >3). The inter-and intra-day RSDs were all less than 10% for quality control samples at high-, medium- and low-concentrations. The average absolute recovery rate was 90.5 % and the average method recovery was in the range of 93.4 %-107.5%. The plasma concentration-time curves indicated that tmax was delayed after administration of progesterone-loaded lipid nanoparticles, and the bioavailability was increased significantly, compared with contrast solution.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method developed is stable, simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and applicable for determining plasma concentrations of progesterone of progesterone-loaded lipid nanoparticles in pharmacokinetic studies.</p>