ABSTRACT
Background@#This study aimed to determine how successful reconstruction of the mandible can recover the symmetry. @*Materials and methods@#All patients who underwent surgical treatment for unilateral mandibular reconstruction in 4 years were retrospectively examined. Bilateral differences of gonion (GO) positions were measured in 3 dimensions based on immediate postoperative computed tomography. The data collected was analyzed in 3 ways: First, the comparison of bilateral differences of GO in 3 dimensions. Second, the mean Asymmetry Index in control subjects was used to divide all cases into three groups: “Symmetry,” “Asymmetry,” and “Marked asymmetry.” Third, “maximum normal asymmetry” was calculated, and all cases were categorized as below and above maximum normal asymmetry. The difference between two gonial angles was used to determine the amount of asymmetry. @*Results@#Forty-seven patients and 47 normal adults were enrolled. The mean bilateral GO difference in the control group was higher than in the study group patients, but it was not statistically significant. The mean Asymmetry Index for the control group was not also significantly higher than the study cases. The study group was “Symmetric” in 78.7% of the cases whereas the control group in 91.4%, 19.1% of the study group and 8.5% of controls were “Asymmetric,” and 2.1% of study cases and 0% of controls were “Markedly Asymmetric.” Maximum normal asymmetry was 82.9% in the study group and 97.8% in the control group. The mean differences between the right and left gonial angles were higher in the study group, but it was not significant (P = 0.1). @*Conclusions@#Our study’s results showed that bilateral symmetry in mandibular reconstruction patients was satisfactory and similar to the normal individuals.
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Ignoring anatomic variations may lead to iatrogenic injuries by surgeons
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the course of infraorbital canal and maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography scans [CBCT]
Materials and Method: One hundred and ninety two CBCT scans were reviewed for 384 infraorbital canals. The anatomic variants of infraorbital canals were classified into three types based on the protrusion degree of the infraorbital nerve from the maxillary roof into the sinus. Measurements were made on infraorbital canal as vertical distance from the infraorbital rim to the infraorbital foramen, the maximum horizontal distance from the infraorbital canal to the canine root, the maximum diagonal length of the nerve protruded in sinus, the maximum vertical distance from the center of the nerve to the sinus roof
Results: 26.5% of infraorbital canals were entirely contained within the sinus roof. 50.3% of infraorbital canals were located below the roof but remaining juxtaposed to it. In 23.2%, the nerve canal descended into the sinus. The prevalence of type3 of infraorbital canal significantly increased from 14.8% in cases without an ipsilateral Haller cell to 29.1% when a Haller cell was present. The average distance between the infraorbital foramen and the infraorbital rim were increased proportionally to the degree of protrusion of the nerve course into the maxillary sinus [ANOVA p< 0.001]
Conclusion: The infraorbital canal protrusion into the sinus is a common variation that must be considered during surgical procedures to avoid iatrogenic injury
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Most of the soft tissue calcifications within the head and neck region might not be accompanied by clinical symptoms but may indicate some pathological conditions
Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography [CBCT] images of mandibular region
Materials and Method: In this cross sectional study the CBCT images of 602 patients including 294 men and 308 women with mean age 41.38+-15.18 years were evaluated regarding the presence, anatomical location; type [single or multiple] and size of soft tissue calcification in mandibular region. All CBCT images were acquired by NewTom VGi scanner. Odds ratio and chi-square tests were used for data analysis and p< 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant
Results: 156 out of 602 patients had at least one soft tissue calcification in their mandibular region [25.9%. of studied population with mean age 51.7+-18.03 years]. Men showed significantly higher rate of soft tissue calcification than women [30.3% vs. 21.8%]. Soft tissue calcification was predominantly seen at posterior region of the mandible [88%] and most of them were single [60.7%]. The prevalence of soft tissue calcification increased with age. Most of the detected soft tissue calcifications were smaller than 3mm [90%]
Conclusion: Soft tissue calcifications in mandibular area were a relatively common finding especially in posterior region and more likely to happen in men and in older age group
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: The surgical procedure of dental implantation in anterior maxillary area may be limited by the shape and size of nasopalatine canal [NPC]. CBCT imaging provides three-dimensional information for surgical planning
Purpose: This study is designed to evaluate the anatomy of NPC in a selected Iranian population
Materials and Method: In this cross sectional study, CBCT images of 301 patients were evaluated for NPC characteristics. Five linear measurements including width and length of NPC were performed on reformatted sagittal cross sections
The shapes of NPC were also classified in three groups according to Bron-stein et al. classification in CBCT coronal cross sections. The effects of age and gender on measured dimension were assessed. Student's t-test, one-way ANO VA/Tukey HSD tests, chi-square and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis
Results: The study comprised 140 males [48.5%] and 161 females [53.5%] with mean age of 34.56+/-11.87. The mean length of NPC for men and women were 11.46 and 9.37 mm respectively, showing a significant statistical difference
Other dimensions of NPC and alveolar bone thickness were also greater in men with exception of buccal bone plate width in front of Stensen foramen [8.45+/-2.24 vs. 8.52+/-2.03 mm].Most of the cases showed Y-shape configuration. The diameter of oral opening of NPC [3.17+/-1.01 mm] was positively correlated with the patients age [r= 0.138, p= 0.01], while buccal bone over the oral opening of NPC [7.05+/-1.38] mm showed negative correlation with age [r= -0.199,;p= 0.001]
Conclusion: All NPC dimensions are meaningfully greater in men except for buccal bone plate thickness in front of Stensen foramen. The type of canal has no effect on dimensions of the canal
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Cross-Sectional Studies , Radiography , Dental Implantation , Anatomic VariationABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Anatomic variation can potentially impact the surgical safety
Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of ostiomeatal complex variations based on cone beam computed tomography [CBCT] images of the patients seeking rhinoplasty
Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 281 patients including 153 female and 128 male with Mean +/- SD age of 26.97 +/- 7.38 were retrieved and analyzed for presence of variations of ostiomeatal complex and mucosal thickening. All CBCT images were acquired by NewTom VGi scanner with 15×15 field of view, as a part of preoperative recording of patients seeking rhinoplasty in an otolaryngology clinic. Chi- square test and Odds ratio were used for statistical analysis of the obtained data and p< 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant
Results: Agger nasi cells which were seen in 93.2% of the cases were the most common anatomic variation. It was followed by Haller cells [68%], concha bullosa [67.3%], uncinate process variations [54.8%], nasal sepal deviation [49.5%] and paradoxical curvature of middle turbinate [10%]. Mucosal thickening were detected in 60.7% of the studied cases
Conclusion: Ostiomeatal complex variations and mucosal thickening are considerably prevalent among the patients seeking rhinoplasty. This study also revealed that CBCT evaluation of paranasal sinuses has comparable result in delineation of the sinonasal anatomy
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Bifid mandibular condyle [BMC] is a rare anomaly of uncertain origin which may play a role in some defects in temporomandibular joints. Since it may be misinterpreted as fractures or tumors in condylar area, proper diagnosis will help to prevent unnecessary treatments. A comprehensive knowledge about BMC may help to understand the developmental course of condyle and temporomandibular joints more clearly
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bifidity of condyle in a selected population in Iran by employing dental panoramic view
Materials and Method: Panoramic views of 1000 individuals [767 female, 233 male individuals] were assessed for bifidity. The patients were over 18 years old and had attended the radiology department of Shiraz dental school from September 2012 to March 2013
Results: A total of 35[3.5%] case of bifidity was detected. Unilateral form was much more prevalent [32 unilateral cases versus 3 bilateral]. The left-side bifidity was 3 times more prevalent than the right side. A large number of bifid condyles [63%] have shown symptoms of temporomandibular joint pain or click or both
Conclusion: The prevalence of bifidity in our population was about 3.5%, which was significantly high compared to the other published reports. Symptoms [click and pain] were also much more detected in our study
ABSTRACT
Despite decades of research, there is not a consensus on whether patients with osteoporosis/ osteopenia are at higher risk for jaw bone resorption, periodontitis and tooth loss or not. The purpose of this study was to compare alveolar bone resorption and the number of remaining teeth between postmenopausal women with normal bone mass and postmenopausal women with low bone mass. A total of 100 volunteer women, aged from 40 to 70, who presented at Shiraz Namazi Hospital for the diagnosis of osteoporosis were selected and divided into normal and osteoporotic/osteopenic groups. Parallel periapical radiographs were taken from first and second mandibular molars on both sides using radiology device Planmeca Intra Dentsply Rinn=0.32 [KVP=60 MA=8], Ekta speed Kodak film and were digitalized using scaner [Microtek Scanmaker I 800]. Values of alveolar bone resorption were determined by measuring the distance between CEJ and the lowest point of the crest in mesial and distal areas of the mandibular first and second molars and central incisor, using the software AutoCAD [2007] with an accuracy of 0.00mm. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the number of missing teeth. To evaluate bone resorption and to compare the number of the missing teeth, t-test and Mann Whitney test were used respectively. Alveolar bone resorption and the number of the remaining teeth in the postmenopausal women with or without normal bone mass in the studied groups were not different significantly. In this study, no relation was found between the number of the missing teeth/alveolar bone resorption and bone mass in postmenopausal women