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@#Introduction: Hand hygiene plays a huge role in removing hospital infections. The aim of this study was to explore the nurses’ viewpoints about the factors affecting hand hygiene compliance. Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, the data were collected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 15 nurses. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analyses were conducted using Lundman and Graneheim’s method. Results: Six themes were identified, including the facilitator and barriers to compliance with hand hygiene on personal, interpersonal, and organizational levels. One theme was personal facilitator, with categories of facilitating the cognition and adherence to values. Personal barriers included cognitive obstacles, attitudinal barriers, and physical barriers. The interpersonal facilitators included supportive social climate and appropriate culture building. The interpersonal barriers involved inappropriate culture building and being under pressure. The organizational facilitators were strong leadership style, good managerial support, and competent staff evaluation; the last theme was organizational barriers with categories of poor leadership style, ineffective staff development, inconsistency in organizational policy, and incompetent staff evaluation. Conclusion: This study adopted an integrated approach to examining the factors affecting the nurses’ hand hygiene compliance. It is recommended that future interventions should consider the differences at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels and developed a tailoring approach.
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Introduction: Social participation is considered one dimension and also determinant of quality of life. The level of social participation of the elderly is influenced by various components such as socio-economic and demographic factors. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between social participation, quality of life, and some socio-economic factors in community dwelling elderly in Kerman, Iran
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 communities dwelling old people in Kerman in 2017 selected through random sampling. The data were collected using researcher-made Social Participation questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression analysis
Results: The results revealed the participants' mean score of social participation was above fifty. Social participation was significantly associated with age [p < 0.001], marital status [p = 0.004], education level [p < 0.001], and occupation [p = 0.021]. A significant direct correlation was also observed between social participation and quality of life [p < 0.001], and social participation determined 21 % of variance of life quality score [p < 0.001]
Conclusion: With the increase in social participation of the elderly, their quality of life improves. Establishing nongovernmental organizations, charities, and associations for retirement and aging can increase the level of social participation of the elderly
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The individual’s perception of health, when health is understood to include many dimensions of life, is considered the basis for any improvement in health status. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Perceived Wellness Scale (PWS) by applying it to employees of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 180 staff members of the university selected by convenience sampling. The study instrument was a Persian version of the PWS prepared through a translation and back-translation process. The reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. A total of 180 employees participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 32.29 years (SD = 7.39) and 78.1% of the participants were women. The results showed that the Persian version of the PWS is acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.87 for the whole scale, ranging from 0.68 to 0.85 on different dimensions of the scale. The results of split-half reliability and CFA indicated that the reliability and validity of the PWS are acceptable. The PWS is therefore an effective tool for evaluating the different dimensions of perceived wellness in the Iranian population.
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Background: When people maintain positive attitudes during life, their beliefs orientation will be highly beneficial to their health. In other words, those who have optimistic expectations report better physical health which is the result of their better psychological compatibility. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on Theory of Planned Behavior [TPB] on Shirazi male high school students' degree of optimism
Methods: This educational randomized controlled trial was conducted on 240 male high school students in Shiraz. The research sample was selected through multi-stage random sampling. In this study, a demographic information form was used to gather the students' demographic characteristics. Besides, a positive thinking researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on TPB. Moreover, the life orientation test [optimism scale] developed by Scheier and Carver was used to evaluate the participants' degree of optimism. After all, the data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software [v. 19] using descriptive and inferential methods. Significance level was set at 0.05 in all the tests
Results: Compared to the control group, all the constructs of TPB increased in the intervention group after the training [P<0.001]. Moreover, Pearson correlation indicated a significant relationship between the constructs, and the highest correlation was among attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intention
Conclusion: According to the research findings, all the constructs of TPB played a key role in increasing the students' positive think. Thus, educational intervention based on TPB has a positive effect on increasing the students' positive think
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Malaria is one of the most serious diseases in pregnant women as well as children less than 5 years around the world. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of health education based on the protection motivation theory on malaria preventive behaviors in the households of Ghale Ganj, Kerman, Iran in 2011. The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 144 households covered by 8 health centers of Ghale Ganj, Kerman. The study samples were selected through systematic random sampling and the study data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information, the constructs of the protection motivation theory, and a checklist for assessing the malaria preventive behaviors. After the pre-test, the intervention group underwent an educational intervention and after two months, the post-test was performed through the same questionnaire. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software [v. 18] and analyzed using Chi-square and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests. Besides, P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Before the intervention, no significant difference was found between the two study groups regarding perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, response costs, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and malaria preventive behaviors. After the intervention, however, a significant increase was observed in the intervention group's mean scores of all the constructs of the protection motivation theory as well as malaria preventive behaviors [P < 0.01]. According to the findings of the study, educational intervention based on the protection motivation theory is highly effective in promoting malaria preventive behaviors
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Objective [s]: To compare prediction power of exercise intention and behavior based on self-efficacy and theory of planned behavior
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the kahrizak Nursing home in Tehran. Participants were 60 elderly aged 60 to 85 years old. A questionnaire based on theory of planned behavior and self-efficacy was used to collect data. The data were analyzed performing regression analysis
Results: Self-efficacy predicted 35.6% of the Intention to exercise while the theory of planned behavior predicted 32.8%. Self-efficacy predicted 21.3% of the exercise behavior whereas the theory of planned behavior predicted 15.7%
Conclusion: The findings suggest that self-efficacy could predict intentions and behaviors better
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Regular physical activity is ranked as a leading health indicator. Despite the extensive benefits of physical activity, elder people are much less active than desired. Using Theory of Planned Behavior [TPB] and the self-efficacy construct, this study examined the prediction of physical activity intention and behavior in a sample of elderly male resident of a nursing home. In a cross-sectional study of the residents of Kahrizak Nursing Home in Tehran, Iran, elderly men who were 60 years or older, capable of independent living, mobility, and verbal communication were asked to complete measures of the TPB, self-efficacy and physical activity behavior. A hierarchical step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that affective/instrumental attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control [PBC] explained 32.8% of the variance in physical activity intention, and self efficacy provided an additional 2.7%. In a reverse step regression, the TPB variables explained an additional 12.2% of physical activity intention. In a multiple regression analysis on physical activity behavior, affective/instrumental attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control [PBC] and intention explained 15.7% of the variance in physical activity behavior while self-efficacy contributed an additional 5.6%. In the reverse step regression, TPB predictors contributed an additional 3.0% in explaining the variance in physical activity behavior. The results indicate that in addition to the TPB, self-efficacy may also play an important role in the prediction of behavior, and should be included in the design of physical activity programs for elderly men of nursing home residents